基于恶性疟原虫富含组氨酸蛋白2抗原诊断方法的研究进展

Research progress on diagnostic methods based on Plasmodium falciparum histidine-rich-protein 2 antigen

恶性疟原虫是引起人类疟疾的主要病原体之一，采用基于恶性疟原虫富含组氨酸蛋白2（Plasmodium falciparum histidine．rich．protein2．PfHRP2）抗原的快速诊断试剂（rapiddiagnostictest，RDT）进行诊断是诊断恶性疟原虫感染的特异性方法，但表达该抗原的pfhrp2基因呈现明显的多态性，甚至表达缺失，导致试剂的灵敏度降低，其临床实用性受到质疑。该文对pfh,p2基因多态性研究及基于PfHRP2抗原的恶性疟原虫诊断试剂评价进行综述，为恶性疟原虫的流行病学研究和临床诊断试剂的选择提供依据。

Plasmodiumfcdciparum is the main pathogen of human malaria. Rapid diagnostic test（RDT） based on Plasmodiumfalciparum histidine-rich-protein 2 （PfHRP2） antigen is a specific method for detecting P. falciparum infection. However, low sensitivity of the reagents due to pfhrp2 gene polymorphism and gene deletion induced doubt about its clinical utility. The research progress of pfhrp2 gene polymorphism and the evaluation of the RDT based on PfHRP2 antigen were reviewed in this paper, aiming at providing the basis for epidemiological researches and selection of reagents in clinical diagnosis.