GATT第二十条适用范围再审视——以GATT1994与其他多边货物贸易协议关系为视角

Reconsideration of Applicability of Article XX in GATT:From the Perspective of the Relationship Between GATT 1994 and Other Multilateral Trade Agreements in Goods

自"稀土案"评审团报告否定了GATT第二十条适用于《中国入世议定书》第11.3段之后,GATT第二十条的适用范围再次成为人们关注的焦点。就法律位阶而言,GATT1994与《WTO协议》附件1A内的其他协议属于"平行关系",彼此没有高低之分。是否包含援引条款,这不是判断GATT1994与其他协议关系亲疏远近的标准。相反,就协议内容而言,GATT1994与这些协议是一种"水乳交融"的关系,彼此之间是"你中有我"、"我中有你"。既然这些协议是在GATT基础上产生的,或者与GATT有密切关系,人们对于GATT应该有个全面认识,其中第二十条中的"本协定"可以被认为是泛指附件1A中的其他协议。WTO上诉机构也认为,在争端解决中,GATT1994与其他多边货物贸易协议的关系应该"兼顾所有条款全盘考虑"。

In terms of legal status, there is no difference between GATT1994 and other agreements within Annex 1A of the WTO Agreement. Whether there is a cross reference or not in the agreement is not the criterion to decide its relationship with the GATT. In contrast, GATT 1994 and these agreements are intimately integrated in view of their contents. Since these agreements are either based on GATT or have a close relationship with GATT, GATT1994 deserves a comprehensive study. The wording ＇this Agreement- in the chapeau of Artiele XX can be regarded as referring to the other agreements in Annex 1A. The Appellate Body also conceded that the relationship of GATT1994 and other multilateral trade agreements should be considered from all respects.