中国城市居民环保态度、行为类别及影响因素研究——基于中国34个城市的调查

An Empirical Study of Citizens' Environmental Awareness,Behavior and Related Factors in China:Based on a Survey in 34Cities in China

基于对中国城市公民环境行为状况的分析,本研究发现我国公民环境行为可分类为私人环境行为和公共环境行为,并且公民私人环境行为水平要明显高于公共环境行为水平,同时在对环境行为影响因素进行探究的基础上,初步检验了阐释政府-社会关系的"控制-依赖"理论,确证"控制-依赖"理论对我国公民环境保护运动和环境行为发展具有一定解释力。通过以上研究,我们认为政府通过调整自身角色功能、积极参与环境治理并有效引导公民环境行为,使其在环境治理中发挥主体性作用,是破解"控制-依赖"套结作用、提升公民环境行为参与水平、培养公民公共精神的可行路径。

In this paper, the Chinese citizens＇ environmental behavior was classified into two categories, private behavior and public behavior. Based on the survey of urban residents in 34 cities in China, it was found that the Chinese urban residents＇ private behavior is more civilized than their public behavior. Furthermore, by exploring into the influencing factors of environmental behaviors, the control- dependence theory was tested and the control-dependence theory was confirmed to be effective for the analysis and understanding of the logic of development and significance of the environmental protection movement and citizens＇ environmental behaviors in China. It is crucial for the government to transform its roles, adjust its functions, be active in environmental governance, guide citizens＇ environmental behavior effectively and promote autonomy in citizens＇ environmental protection endeavors. Only by doing so, can tensions in control-dependence be eased, the level of citizens＇ environmental protection behavior be enhanced, and citizens＇ public awareness be cultivated.