大学生体力活动与锻炼行为特征关系的研究

Study on relationship between physical activity and characteristics of exercise behaviour among college students

目的：了解大学生体力活动与自我效能及锻炼行为阶段变化的关系，为高校实施健康促进教育提供依据。方法利用国际体力活动问卷（ IPAQ）、自编体育锻炼行为量表、体育锻炼行为阶段变化量表、自我效能量表，对浙江省504名大学生进行调查研究。结果高体力活动组男生（38．52％）、女生（27．27％）人数比例，差异有统计学意义（P＜0．01）；男女生高体力活动组每周体力活动量分别为[（4608±872．07）分]MET和[（4361±674．03）分]MET，差异有统计学意义（P＜0．01）；男女生行为得分为（3．32±0．44）和（3．04±0．36），差异有统计学意义（P＜0．01）；男生（35．5％）处在变化阶段的行动期和维持期的人数比例明显高于女生（28．9％）。大学生自我效能、行为得分及锻炼阶段呈现明显的体力活动特征（F＝18．38，F＝15．08，F＝34．71， F＜0．01）；体力活动与自我效能、行为得分及阶段变化存在正相关（r＝0．336，r＝0．36，r＝0．46，F＜0．01）。结论自我效能对大学生体力活动大小可能起着重要的作用，阶段变化、行为得分可以解释男女大学生体力活动的差异。

Objective To explore the relationship between physical activity （ PA） in college students and self-efficacy,and provide guarantee for improving health education in colleges. Methods International physical ac-tivity questionnaire（ IPAQ） ,scales of physical behavior,scales of stage of change in physical exercise behavior,and scales of self-efficacy were used to test 504 students from some of colleges in Zhejiang province. Results Signifi-cantly more males （38.52%） than females （27.27%） were in the high activity tertile （P〈0.01）; the amount of PA per week in males and females were （4608±872.07）MET and（4361±674.03）MET（P〈0.01）; the scores of males and females were （3.32±0.44） and（3.04±0.36）,（P〈0.01）. The number of males （35.5%） in maintenance period and period of action is greater than that of females （28.9%）. Males had higher self-efficacy and more scores of behavior than females （P〈0.05） . There were significant characteristics of PA in their self-efficacy,score of be-havior and stages of change（ F=18.38, F=15.08, F=34.71, P〈0.01）,and a significant correlation between PA and self-efficacy,stages of change and physical exercise behavior （ r=0.336, r=0.36, r=0.46, P〈0.01）.Conclu-sion Self-efficacy may have important effect on the level of PA. Stages of change and scores of behavior may ex-plain difference of PA between males and females.