平原水乡乡村聚落空间分布规律与格局优化——以湖北公安县为例

The Spatial Distribution and Pattern Optimization of Rural Settlements in Plain Water Area—a Case of Gong'an, Hubei

以湖北公安县为研究对象,采用空间自相关计量方法,借助Arc GIS10.0和Geoda095i的空间分析功能,重点分析了公安县平原水乡乡村聚落的空间分布特征、影响机制与格局优化。结果表明:公安县用地规模较小的聚落分布密度高,用地规模较大的聚落分布密度低,全局与局部Moran指数分析进一步发现了小规模聚落局部集聚明显,大规模聚落集聚不明显。水文、地形、交通等基础地理要素仍是影响平原水乡乡村聚落分布的决定性因素,但人口迁徙、城镇化、农业产业化、城乡管理政策等影响因素正深刻冲击聚落格局。研究认为新时期聚落格局的优化需要解决聚落体系结构与布局不适应发展要求以及中心聚落、散居聚落建设不合理的问题,并基于集聚人口和提高公共服务水平的视角提出了集镇社区、中心村和散居村庄的科学布局策略。

Taking Gong＇ an county of Hubei province as the case and using spatial autocorrelation measurement method, especially studied the characteristics of spatial distribution, influence mechanism and pattern optimization of rural settlements in plain water area by applying ArcGIS10.0 and Geoda095i spatial analysis technique.The results show that： distribution of small-scale rural settlement has high density ,the large-scale settlement is contary to the small-scale rural settlement in Gong＇ an county. And the Moran＇ s I of global and local indicates furtherly that the local agglomeration about the small-scale rural settlement in Gong＇ an county is significant, but large-scale settlement agglomeration is weak. Hydrologic, terrain, traffic and other basic geographic conditions still decide the spatial distribution of rural settlements in plain water area, while some factors, such as the migration of population, urbanization, industrialization of agriculture, urban and rural management policy, influenced profoundly on the settlement pattern. Thinking optimization of settlement pattem of the new period needs to solve these problems that the structure and layout of settlement system which don＇t meet the development requirements, the construction of center village and diaspora village is not reasonable. And based on the perspective of centralizing population and improving the level of public service,it has discussed the scientific layout of rurban community, center village and diaspora village.