六安市城区居民中医体质流行病学调查

Epidemiological Study on TCM Constitutions of Urban Residents in Lu′an City

目的:通过六安城区一般人群中医体质流行病学调查,描述一般人群的中医体质类型分布规律,分析不同社会人群的体质类型的特征,为中医体质分类理论在基层医疗的疾病防治、养生保健、健康教育、健康管理等方面的应用提供流行病学调查数据支持。方法:根据中华中医药学会《中医体质分类与判定》,采用调查问卷方法实施中医体质辨识。结果:1554人中,平和体质人群占32.37%,偏颇体质占67.63%;偏颇体质按人数多少依次排列为:痰湿质占10.75%、阳虚质占9.85%、气虚质占7.85%、血瘀质占7.21%、阴虚质占7.40%、湿热质占6.31%、气郁质占4.25%、特禀质占0.90%、兼夹体质占13.13%。性别在平和质中无差别;男性痰湿质、阴虚质、血瘀质、湿热质明显高于女性,女性阳虚质、气虚质、气郁质、特禀质、兼夹体质明显高于男性(P<0.001);平和质、气郁质、特禀质随年龄的增长呈减少趋势,血瘀质、阳虚质随着年龄增长比例呈逐渐上升趋势,兼夹体质60岁以上者较其他年龄组明显升高。结论:痰湿、阳虚、气虚是六安人群体质的主要偏颇倾向,且与地域气候,饮食生活,情志年龄,社会环境等多方面相关。

Objective： To provide data support of epidemiological study for the application of TCM constitutions category theory to the prevention and treatment of the disease, life nurturing, health education, health management and others in basic medical care by investigating the epidemiology of general people with different constitutions in Lu′an city, describing TCM constitution distribution laws of general people and analyzing constitution types of different social groups. Methods： TCM constitutions differentiation was performed with questionnaire according to TCM constitutions category and judgement of Chinese Medical Association. Results： Among 1 554 persons, the patients with peaceful constitution reached 32.37%, the ones with biased constitution accounted for 67.63%; the persons with biased constitution ranked according to the number of the persons： phlegm-damp constitutions occupied10.75%, Yang deficiency 9.85%, Qi deficiency 7.85%, blood stasis 7.21%, Yin deficiency 7.40%, damp-heat 6.31%,Qi stagnation 4.25%, specific 0.90%, mixed 13.13%. The comparison of peaceful constitution showed no difference in the gender： male patients were signficantly more than female ones in phlegm-damp, Yin deficiency, blood stasis and damp-heat obviously, female patients were more than male ones in Yang deficiency, Qi deficiency, Qi stagnation, specific and mixed constitution evidently（P〈0.001）; the patients of peaceful, Qi stagnation and specific constitution were decreased as they grew older, the patients of blood stasis and Yang deficiency constitution were increased gradually as they became older, the patients older than 60 years with mixed constitution were increased obviously compared with other groups. Conclusion： Phlegm-damp, Yang deficiency and Qi deciency are mainly biased constitution types of urban residents in Lu′an city, and the influencing factors are region, climate, diet, life, emotion,age, social environment and other aspects.