教师灾害培训与学校灾害管理能力建设——基于日本兵库县学校教师应急救援队的分析

Construction of Teachers' Disaster Training and College's Disaster Management Capacities——Analysis based on the Teachers' Emergency and Rescue Team in Hyago

学校是灾害教育实施的最佳场所,教师的灾害培训最重要。成立于2000年的日本兵库学校职工紧急救援队(EARTH),成员主要由中小学校教师组成,宗旨是通过对教师的灾害培训促进学校灾害管理。该组织在十几年实践中形成的较为完善的课程体系与积累的丰富经验,不仅对提高日本兵库县学校灾害管理能力发挥了重要作用,而且对整个日本学校灾害管理起到了示范作用。EARTH为我国开展学校灾害管理工作和教师灾害培训提供了很好的蓝本。在学习EARTH经验的基础上,先选择受灾最为严重的一些地区进行试点,然后逐步推广,切实提高我国学校灾害管理能力。

School is the most ideal place for disaster education, where school staff＇s education is the most impor- tant. Founded in 2000 and staffed primarily by teachers from middle and elementary schools, EARTH （ Emergency and Rescue Team by School Staff in Hyogo） aims to promote school disaster management by means of staff training. It has developed a series of systematic and well - arranged training courses in virtue of its rich experience over the last decade, hence a leading model for school disaster management for Hyogo as well as schools across Japan. It offers no small inspirations for school disaster management and staff training in China. The paper suggests that we sample with some of the most disaster - ridden areas before gradually improving and spreading the practice nationwide, to strength- en disaster management in schools across the country.