土库曼斯坦虚拟水及其战略评估

Evaluation of virtual water strategy in Turkmenistan

作为世界上最干旱的地区之一,水资源危机是土库曼斯坦急需解决的问题。基于土库曼斯坦水资源总量、水资源分配和工农业产品虚拟水含量,对该国实施虚拟水战略的紧迫性、可行性和效益进行评价,结果表明:1土库曼斯坦现今的水资源消耗模式是不可持续的,若维持现有的模式,未来将会有灾难性的后果;2土库曼斯坦的水资源分配严重不合理,农产品尤其是几种重要的农作物耗水量高得惊人,这是该国水资源短缺的一个重要原因;3土库曼斯坦如果实施虚拟水战略,效益将会非常高,现有的水资源完全可以满足当前的农业、工业和居民生活用水,并在一定程度上保证生态需水;4土库曼斯坦实施虚拟水战略无论是经济、思想观念还是制度上都已具备相应的条件。

As one of the most arid regions in the world,Turkmenistan has severe water resource crisis problem to be solved urgently.According to the total amount and distribution of water resources and the virtual water content in industrial and agricultural products,the urgency,feasibility and benefits of implementing the virtual water strategy in Turkmenistan are evaluated.The results show that:( 1) The current consumption mode of the water resources is unsustainable,and if this consumption mode continues,disastrous consequences will appear in the near future.( 2) The distribution pattern of water resources is very unreasonable,and agricultural water consumption is amazing,especially for several important crops,which is one of the most important reasons for water resource crisis.( 3) If the virtual water strategy in Turkmenistan is implemented,the benefits will increase,and the existing water resources can meet the needs of agricultural,industrial and domestic water as well as the ecological water to certain extent.( 4) Implementing the virtual water strategy in Turkmenistan is feasible in economy,ideas and system.