基于供求双方价格机制的综合水价改革研究

Comprehensive water price reform based on price mechanism of supply and demand sides

为了实现水资源的最优配置,对供水方"成本分摊型"的传统管制价格机制和需水方"涨价抑制型"价格机制的经济学进行分析,认为供水方传统管制价格机制缺乏激励供水企业降低成本的动力,导致对供水企业补贴的不经济;需水方"涨价抑制型"价格机制缺乏对用水单位和个人节水行为的激励,节水效果不佳。针对以上供求双方价格机制存在的问题分别提出了具有激励性的价格机制改革建议:固定成本分摊+核定可变成本的定价机制和"减价鼓励型"价格机制。

In order to realize the optimum allocation of water resources,the economics about the traditional regulated price mechanism of cost allocation of water supply side and the price suppression mechanism of water demand side is analyzed.It is found that the traditional regulated price mechanism cannot motivate the water supply enterprises to reduce costs and leads to diseconomy of subsidies.The price suppression mechanism cannot motivate the water units and individuals to save water,and water-saving efficiency is poor.With regard to the existing problems in the price mechanism of supply and demand sides,the relevant suggestions are put forward for reform of the incentive price mechanism as follows: price mechanism of allocation of fixed costs + approved variable costs and price mechanism of encouraged price reduction.