逸度模型在化学品暴露预测中的应用与展望

Application and Prospects of Fugacity Models in Chemicals Exposure Prediction

随着化学品的种类、生产量及使用量的逐年增加,其对环境和人类健康的影响也日益明显。化学品在进入环境后,会以不同的途径和方式在环境各介质中进行迁移和转化,而且大多数化学品存在剂量-效应关系,因此,有必要对化学品在环境中的分布及归趋进行研究。应用数学模型研究化学品在环境多介质中的分布和归趋,已经成为化学品环境风险评估的重要手段。该文在大量文献调研的基础上,首先综述了逸度模型的理论基础,对近年来国内外逸度模型的发展现状进行了介绍,并针对逸度模型在化学品暴露预测中的应用情况进行了分析,最后展望了逸度模型的应用前景和发展趋势,希望有助于化学品环境多介质逸度模型的深入研究,为化学品的风险控制和环境管理提供技术支撑。

The species, production and use of the chemicals are increasing year by year while causing the adverse impact for ecosystem and human health. When chemicals enter the environment, they can migrate and transform in different ways in environment, and there is the dose-effect relationship for most chemicals, therefore, it is necessary to study the distribution and fate of chemicals in the environment. The mathematical model methods which are applied to study the distribution and fate of chemicals have been the important means for assessing environmental risk of chemicals. The article reviews the theoretical basis and introduces the development status of fugacity model in recent years, and analyses the application areas of different fugacity model, then puts forward the application prospect and development tendency of the fugacity model. The studies would contribute the depth exploration of environmental fugacity medium of chemicals, and provide technical supports for risk control and environmental management of chemicals.