基于生产过程的机械专业实训方式改革

A Production Process-based Reform of Machinery Speciality Training Mode

现阶段机械类专业基本能力的实训存在许多弊端,影响了实训教学的效果。基于生产过程的专业实训,是以一项生产任务为主线,在完成这项任务的过程中,实施专业知识学习和多项专业技能的训练。这种实训方式需要按照生产过程重新构建专业知识和专业技能体系,克服了以往单纯实训的不足,激发了学生学习的积极性,给机械专业的实训教学带来了活力。以"轴的仿制"为例,从基本工具的使用、减速器的拆装,到轴的测绘、加工制作等一系列生产过程,阐述了基于生产过程的实训项目设计的内容与方法,确定了知识目标、能力目标和职业素养目标;具体描述了机械专业实训教学的过程与步骤;介绍了经过一轮教学实践后所取得的初步成效;对改革中出现的新问题将有待今后继续探索与完善。

At the present stage,there exist many defects in the practice and training of basic ability among machinery students,which affects the teaching effect.The practice and training is based on production process,and takes production tasks as its main line.In the process of finishing the tasks,the implementation of professional knowledge and a number of professional skills are trained.This training mode acquires students to reconstruct their professional knowledge and skill system according to the production process,which overcomes the defects of the traditional training system,stimulate the students＇ enthusiasm,and brings vitality to the practical teaching of mechanical specialty.Take ‘ the imitation of axis’ as an example,from the use of basic tools,the disassembly and assembly of the reducer,to the surveying and mapping of axis,this series of production process expounds the contents and methods of the training project design,determines the target of knowledge,ability and occupation accomplishment; describes the specific process and steps of the teaching of mechanical professional training; introduces the preliminary results achieved after a round of teaching practice; the new problems appearing in the reform process will be further explored and perfected.