明清武术论著作者地理分布及群体特征之比较研究

A Comparative Study on Geographical Distribution and Population Characteristics of the Authors of Wushu Works in the Ming-Qing Dynasties

从中国历史人才分布的研究视角出发,以明清时期武术论著作者籍贯的地理分布、成书年代、群体特征为观照点进行了统计、描述与分析,力求客观地阐释明清武术研究高峰之现象的内因,同时以期为全面考察古代武术研究之递变提供参考和研究的视角。结果显示,明清武术论著的形成与发展表现出三方面的主要关联:其一,与作者所处地域文化相关,并呈现出以浙江为中心向四周辐射的武术研究圈;其二,与时代背景相关,表现出明"兵"、清"民"的群体特征;其三,则是与作者家学及社交背景相关。总体说明,政治、经济、文化传统等都不是绝对而唯一的因素,而是相互作用、支撑,在必然性与偶然性中构成了一张复杂交织的关系网,共同为中国古代武术研究的鼎盛开拓了一片沃土,成就了明清武术研究的质量和数量。

From the perspective of Chinese historical talent distribution, this paper analyzed the wushu works during the Ming-Qing Dynasties from three aspects, i. e. , the distribution of the authors＇ birth places, the times of the publication of their works, and the authors＇ population characteristics. The aim was to interpret objectively the internal causes for the culmination of wushu research in the Ming-Qing Dynasties, and provide guidance for further study in this respect. Three main elements were identified. Firstly, the regional culture, with Zhejiang as the center of the research circle ; secondly, the historical background, with the Ming Dynasty characterized by ＂military researchers＂ and the Qing Dynasty ＂unofficial researchers＂ ; thirdly, the social and academic background. In general, political, economic and cultural traditions were not the absolute and only factors, but instead they interplayed and were reciprocally supportive, forming a complex network of contingency and necessity, hence the peak in quality and quantity of wushu study in the Ming-Qing Dynasties.