论环境人格权的独立与民法保护

Independence and Civil Protection of Environmental Personality Right

环境人格利益作为人格的应有内容,是在良好的环境中生活,构成人之所以为人的要素或者条件。它体现了人对环境资源生态价值与精神价值的需求,包括环境物质性人格利益和环境精神性人格利益两个方面。在现行的民法制度无法对环境人格利益提供全面保护的情形下,应当将以环境人格利益为客体的环境人格权独立为一项具体人格权。这不仅是现代人格权的发展趋势,也是环境权私权化的必然要求。与其他具体人格权相比,环境人格权的客体具有特定性。它是一项总括性权利,具体包括生命安全和健康权、清洁空气权、清洁水权、宁静权、眺望权和景致权等。鉴于环境人格权的特殊性,对环境人格权的民法保护也具有保护限度和保护方法上的特殊性。

As an indispensable content of personality, environmental personality interest is one of conditions which human has the right living in a good environment. It reflects the demand for environmental resources, ecological value and spiritual value, including environmental personality interest in matter and mind. The current civil law system is unable to provide com- prehensive protection to environmental personality interest. As a concrete personal right, environmental personality fight is not only the trend of modem personality right, but also the inevitable requirement of privatization in environment right. Compared to other specific personality right, object of environmental personality right is specific. It is a general fight, including life safety and health right, the right to clean air, clean water, right to tranquility, look right and right of scenery. In view of the particu- larity of environmental personality right, civil law protection of environmental personality right has particularity in protection bound and protection methods.