试探马克思关于人本质的理论与中国传统人性论的关系

Enlightenment of Marx's Theory of Human Nature to Chinese Traditional Theory of Human Nature

马克思从人的社会性中揭示人的本质,解决了人之所以为人的内在根据与相对于这种内在根据的外在表现之间的问题。这一问题的实质,是本质与反映本质的现象间的问题。中国传统对人性的讨论,其实质也是对人本质的揭示。中国传统人性学说相对于马克思关于人本质的理论而言,主要是从人的道德意识层面去揭示人的存在,侧重于本体论与价值论研究,忽视了人存在的现实性、多样性与全面性。但中国传统人性论又有着深厚的理论资源,对深化马克思关于人的本质理论具有很好的借鉴意义。

Marx defines the essence of man from his social nature,pointing out the inherent basis of what we are and the counterpart external representation,which reflects the relationship between the essence and its phenomena.Chinese traditional discussion on human nature reveals the essence of man.Compared with Marx＇s theory of human nature,however,the Chinese traditional theory of human nature reveals the existence of man from his moral consciousness,focusing on the analysis of the ontology and axiology,while ignoring the reality,variety and comprehensiveness of the existence of human being.But with profound theory resource,the theory of Chinese traditional human nature has a good reference to deepen Marx＇s theory of human essence.