1Likoff W,Seqal BL,Kaspariany H.Paradox of normal selective arteriograms in patients considered to have unmistakble coronary heart disease[J].N Engl Med,1967,276:1063-1066.
2Gewaltig MT,Kojda G.Vasoprotection by nitric oxide:mechanisms and therapeutic,potential[J].Cardiovasc Res,2002,55(2):250-260.
2Nieminen MS, Bohm M, Cowie MR, et al. Executive sum mary of the guidelines on the diagnosis and treatment of acute heart failure: the task force on acute heart failure of the euro- pean society of cardiology[J]. Eur Heart J, 2005,26: 384- 416.
3Kopustinskiene DM, Pollesello P, Saris NE. Levosimendan is a mitochondrial KATP channel opener[J]. Eur J Pharma col, 2001,428:311-314.
4Kersten JR, Montgomery MW, Pagel PS, et al. Levosimen- dan a new positive inotropic drug, decreases myocardial in- farct size via activation of KATP channels[J]. Anesth Analg, 2000,90 : 5-11.
5Toller WG, Stranz C. Levosimendan, a new inotropic andvasodilator agent [J]. Anesthesiology, 2006, 104 (3) : 556- 569.
6Avgeropoulou C, Andreadou I, Markantonis Kyroudis S, et al. The Ca2+-sensitizer levosimendan improves oxidative damage, BNP and pro-infiammatory cytokine levels in pa- tients with advanced decompensated heart failure in compari- son to dobutamine[J]. Eur J Heart Fail,2005,7 : 882-887.
7Lee SC, Stevens TL, Sandberg SM,et al. The potential of brain natriuretic peptide as biomarker for New York Heart Association class during the outpatient treatment of heart failure[J]. J Card Fail, 2002,8 : 149-154.
8Lemos J, McGuire D, Drazller M, et al. B type natriuretic piptide in cardiovascular disease[J]. Lancet, 2003,362 : 316- 322.
9Follath F, Cleland JG, Just H, et al. Efficacy and safety of intravenous levosimendan compared with dobutamine in se- vere low-output heart failure(the LIDO study) :a randomized double-blind trilal[J]. Lancet, 2002,360 : 196-202.
10Mebazaa A, Nieminen MS, Packer M, et al. Levosimendan vs dobutamine for patients with acute decompensated heart failture: the SURVIVE randomized trial[J]. JAMA, 2007, 279:1883- 1891.
4GEERTS W H, BERGQVIST D, PINEO G F, et al. Prevention of venous thromboembolism : American College of Chest Physicians Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines (8th Edition) [ J]. Chest,2008,133:381S-453S.
5GEERTS W H,PINEO G F, HEIT J A, et al. Prevention of venous thromboembolism:the Seventh ACCP Conference on Antithrombotic and Thrombolytic Therapy[ J]. Chest,2004,126: 338S-400S.
6ANDERSON Jr F A, SPENCER F A. Riskfactors for venous thromboembolism [ J]. Circulation ,2003,107 : 16-19.
7GEERTS W, RAY J G, COLWELL C W, et al. Prevention of venous thromboembolism [ J ]. Chest, 2005,128 : 3775- 3776.
8WHITE R H,GETFNER S, NEWMAN J M, et al. Predictors of rehospitalization for symptomatic venous thromboembolism after total hip arthroplasty [ J ]. N Engl J Med, 2000, 343: 1758-1764.
9IVERSEN L H,THORLACIUS-USSING O. Relationship of coagulation test abnormalities to tumour burden and postoperative DVT in resected colorectal cancer [ J ]. Thromb Haemost, 2002,87 : 402- 408.
10GALLEY HF, WEBSTER N R. Physiology of the endothelium [J]. Br J Anaesth,2004,93( 1 ) :105-113.