优质高等教育入学机会公平问题探析——基于“985”院校为例

Analysis on Enrollment Fairness of Superior Higher Education—Based on ‘985 project' Universities

我国优质高等教育——"985"院校的地区分布严重不平衡。"985"院校招生计划严重倾斜本地生源,本文统计了2012年"985"院校在各省的计划招生数以及各省的报考数,二者的比值显示"985"院校在各省的录取比例大致随着各省拥有"985"院校数目的减少而相应减少。在高考制度这一利益分配机制中,中央政府、地方政府、"985"院校是具有不同利益诉求的核心利益相关人,本文展示了核心利益三方在高考制度中的利益关系图,清晰明了地揭示了目前我国"985"院校招生属地化的根本原因所在。"985"院校在各省的招生应以实现各省份的录取率即а值(а=招生数/报名数)大体接近为目标。

The flagship universities in China—＂985＂project universities have seen a severe unbalance in area coverage.The local candidates enjoy preferential admission policies made by ＂985＂universities.This paper has collected the data of planned entrants allotted to each province by＂985＂universities in 2012,as well as provincial applicants and the specific value shows a correlative variation between the two factors.In the system of benefit distribution of College Entrance Examination,central government,local government,and＂985＂universities all possess different beneficial appeals.The diagram presented in this article shows a clear beneficial analysis of each side.Achieving a successful balance and desirable fairness in the provincial enrollment rate（а= entrants/applicants）should be the imperative target.