荷兰艾瑟尔湖综合治理对太湖治理的启示

Application of lessons of comprehensive control and management of IJsselmeer Lake in Netherlands to Taihu Lake

基于对荷兰艾瑟尔湖流域水污染防治历程及其水管理措施详细梳理的基础上,对艾瑟尔湖与太湖从源头控污、末端治理、管理体制、立法、经济激励机制及区域合作等方面进行分析比较。根据艾瑟尔湖流域在污水处理、流域水资源管理、生态环境恢复、监督合作治污体制建设等领域所取得的成功经验与启示,指出太湖流域水污染治理及管理的各个层次与艾瑟尔湖流域仍存在一定差距,建议太湖流域在治理过程中加强初期雨水的监测与截留处理,将部分典型持久性有毒有机污染物纳入监测范围,对污水处理产生的污泥进行深度处理,推进流域联动治污机制的建设,探索适合中国国情的水资源市场经济激励机制。

Based on investigation of the water pollution control process and water management measures in the IJsselmeer Basin in the Netherlands , we analyze and compare the pollution source control , end-of-pipe treatment , management system, legislation, economic incentives, and regional cooperation in IJsselmeer Lake and Taihu Lake.From the experiences in IJsselmeer Basin in sewage treatment , water resources management , ecological environment restoration , pollution control supervision , and cooperation mechanisms , we find that the Taihu Basin falls behind the IJsselmeer Basin in water pollution control and management .We suggest the following measures for the Taihu Baisn ’ s water pollution control and management , in order to explore an economic incentive mechanism for water resources that is suitable for China ’ s national conditions： the enhancement of early-stage rainfall monitoring and interception , the monitoring of typical persistent organic pollutants , in-depth treatment of the sludge processed by wastewater treatment , and the strengthening of the pollution control supervision and cooperation mechanism .