花䱻消化系统形态学及组织学的初步观察

Preliminary Observation on Morphology and Histology of Digestive System in Hemibarbus maculates Bleeker

采用活体解剖、测量及HE、AB-PAS染色等方法,对45尾体长范围11.30~28 cm花Hemibarbus maculates Bleeker的消化系统形态学、组织学特征进行了研究。结果表明,花消化系统具有以下特点：（1）消化系统包括消化道和消化腺两部分。消化道包括口咽腔、食道、肠和肛门,消化腺包括肝胰脏和胆囊,无胃。（2）口下位,吻尖而细长,口裂长/吻长雄性显著大于雌性（P〈0.05）;口咽腔黏膜上皮为复层鳞状上皮,内有黏液分泌细胞和味蕾结构。（3）食道粗短,前段有味蕾,肌层发达且内壁有较深的纵向褶皱,黏膜层内有大量的杯状细胞、黏液分泌细胞,还有柱状上皮区域,游离面具有纹状缘。（4）肠呈S型,无肠腺,分为前肠、中肠和后肠,比肠长均值为0.98±1.29;食道粘膜下层及环肌层最厚与肠道各段有极显著差异（P〈0.01）。前肠、中肠和后肠黏膜皱褶数量、黏膜皱褶高度、黏膜下层厚度、杯状细胞数量显著减少（P〈0.05）,浆膜层厚度却增加,前肠和后肠有显著差异（P〈0.01）。（5）食道和肠道的黏膜层发现有数量较多的颗粒细胞。（6）肝不分叶,为长条形,胆囊被肝包围;肝与胰脏不分开,胰脏弥散于肝、脾及肠管之间,比肝胰脏重（%）雄性（1.83±0.64）显著大于雌性（1.34±0.50）（P〈0.05）。（7）体长（L）与消化道长（Y）的关系呈线性相关：Y=1.1692L＋1.2688（R2=0.653）。

Hemibarbus maculates Bleeker,a small freshwater Cyprinidae fish endemic to China,was of great commercial value. It was reported that its population size decreased remarkably in China recently due to the habitat destruction and overfishing. However,little was known about its digestive system. We collected 45 fishes from Yuanzhou section（ E113°54’ ~114°37’,N27°33’ ~ 28°05’） of Yuanhe River in Yichun,Jiangxi province. Samples were embedded in paraffin,and sectioned into 5 μm and then stained with HE and PAS with AB,following routine procedures. Results showed that：（ 1） Digestive system included digestive tract and digestive glands,consisting of oropharyngeal cavity,esophagus,and intestine,anal,and liver pancreas,gallbladder. There was no stomach.（ 2） It had a lower u-shape mouth and a long pointed snout.The male had a larger mouth cleft length to snout length ratio. And the mucosa surface of oropharyngeal cavity was covered with squamous epithelium which contained taste buds and mucus secreting cells.（ 3） Esophageal was stubby,the forepart of which had taste buds. And the muscle layer was developed. The inner walls consisted of longitudinal ridges. Also the mucous layer was covered with numerous mucus secreting cells and goblet cells. There were significant differences in submucosa thickness and circular muscle layer thickness between esophagus and hindgut（ P 〈 0. 01）. And the surface of the columnar epithelium area was covered with brush borders.（ 4） The intestine which was composed of foregut,midgut and hindgut,was s-shape and lack of intestinal gland. The ratio of intestine length to body length was 0. 98 ± 1. 29. The intestine wall was composed of the mucosa,submucosa,muscularis and serosa.（ 5） A large number of granule cells,positive to PAS and AB stain,were found in the mucous layer of esophagus and intestine.（ 6） The liver was elongated shape,and the gallbladder was surrounded by liver. Pancreas was distributed in the liver,spleen and intestine. The ratio of hepatopancreas weight to body weight（ %） of males（ 1. 83 ± 0. 64） was significantly higher than that of females（ 1. 34 ± 0. 50）（ P 〈 0. 05）.（ 7） Relationship between body length and alimentary tract length was expressed as formulas： Y = 1. 1692 L ＋ 1. 2688（ R2= 0. 653）.