深圳市集中空调公共场所从业人员健康状况调查

Health survey on employees in public places with centralized air conditioning system in Shenzhen

目的了解深圳市集中空调公共场所从业人员的健康现状。方法于2012年9—11月对深圳市20家集中空调公共场所953名从业人员（暴露组）进行问卷调查和生物样品采集,并选择不使用集中空调、场所类型与之相同的8家公共场所402名从业人员作为对照。检测血清嗜肺军团菌1~7 Ig G抗体、免疫球蛋白（Ig G、Ig A、Ig M）。结果暴露组血清嗜肺军团菌1~7 Ig G抗体的阳性率为10.29%（98/952）。与对照组相比,暴露组鼻塞、嗓子干痒、咳嗽及咯痰等呼吸症状,眼睛干燥、眼睛疼痛等眼部症状,皮肤干燥、发热、关节酸痛、疲乏、嗜睡等症状的发生率较高（P〈0.05）。暴露组Ig G平均水平（12.51 g/L）低于对照组（12.92）g/L,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论本次调查的深圳市集中空调公共场所从业人员呼吸系统、眼部、皮肤等症状及免疫水平受到一定程度影响,其潜在健康危害值得关注。

Objective To investigate the health status of employees in public places with centralized air-conditioning system in Shenzhen. Methods During Sep.-Nov., 2012, a total of 953 employees in public place with centralized air-conditioning system were selected in Shenzhen as exposure population. Meanwhile, a total of 402 employees from the same type public places without centralized air-conditioning system were selected as the control population.Questionnaire was carried out. Serum Legionella pneumophila 1-7 Ig G antibody and Ig G, Ig A, Ig M were detected in all available blood samples from investigated population. Results The positive rate of Legionella pneumophila 1-7 Ig G antibody in exposure population was 10.29%（98/952）.Compared with the control group, the incidence of symptoms including nasal obstruction, dry throat and itchy throat, cough,expectoration, dry eye,eyes pain, dry skin, fever, joint pain, fatigue, excessive daytime sleepiness were higher in exposure group（P〈0.05）; The average concentrations of Ig G（12.51 g/L） in exposure group was significantly decresed compared with the control group（12.92 g/L）（P 〈0.05）. Conclusion The health status of respiratory system, eye, skin and immune fuction among the surveyed employees in centralized air-conditioning public places of Shenzhen has been affected in a certain degree,the potential health risks should be paid more attention to.