全球航空货运碳排放配额分配问题研究

Research on Allocation Issues of Global Carbon Emissions Quota for Air Cargo

国际民航组织(International Civil Aviation Organization,ICAO)第38届大会上提出2016年前建立国际航空全球市场化减排机制(market-based measures,MBM)方案。在MBM方案设计过程中,碳排放配额的分配方式无疑是最关键的问题。文章首次从航空货运的角度对该问题进行了相关研究。在欧盟碳排放交易体系(European Union Emissions Trading Scheme,EU ETS)碳排放配额分配方法的理论基础上,对欧盟ETS对航空货运企业的实际配额分配进行了分析,发现航空货运企业均存在不同程度的剩余配额;进而剖析了造成这一现象的原因,并挖掘出背后的深层原因即EU ETS配额分配的不合理性。基于以上分析,提出了国际航空全球碳排放配额分配方法设计时应考虑的要素:遵循"无歧视"原则,保证利益分配上的公平;考虑客货运航空公司之间差异,以及发展中国家的特殊情况。

The International Civil Aviation Organization （ICAO） concluded that we should develop a global market- based measure （MBM） for international aviation before 2016 on the 38th assembly. Undoubtedly, the allocation of carbon emissions quota is the most critical issues in the MBM program design process, this thesis is the first related research about this issue from the perspective of air cargo. Based on the theory which the carbon emissions quota allocation methods of the European Union Emissions Trading Scheme （EU ETS）, we analyzed the actual allowance allocation of air cargo companies and found that the air cargo companies had surplus allowance in varying degrees, and we dug out the underlying reasons of this phenomenon is that the irrationality of EU ETS quota allocation. Based on the above analysis, in the design of the global carbon emissions quota allocation methods for international aviation, we proposed that we should consider these elements： following the ＂non-discrimination＂ principles to ensure justice of benefit distribution, the differences between passenger airlines and cargo airlines, the special situation of developing countries.