论普适性旅游公共服务体系的构建

Study on the Construction of the General Applicability of Tourism Public Service System

当前旅游活动日益呈现出大众化、散客化、常态化的趋势,人们对旅游公共服务的需求不断上升。然而,在理论与实务界,人们对旅游公共服务体系的认识和理解仍然存在分歧,对于旅游公共服务的供给对象、供给主体、供给内容结构以及如何保障旅游公共服务的提供等问题并没有形成统一的认识。文章认为,旅游公共服务体系的构建应该关注体系的普遍适用性,基于旅游公共服务的本质特征,探索旅游公共服务发展中的普遍规律。在此观点下,构建一个具有普遍性、确定性、开放性,并以超越旅游发展的阶段性及区域性束缚为特征的普适性旅游公共服务体系为研究目标,通过分析旅游公共服务发展中存在的问题,影响旅游公共服务的因素,普适性旅游公共服务的特点,提出了普适性旅游公共服务体系的基本构架,并进一步分析了这一体系有效运行的保障。

Tourism public service refers to those essential services in tourism industry which is characterized by their features of public goods, and are directly supplied or constitutionally arranged by the government. It is a pragmatic incarnation of public service in tourism industry. With the rapid economic development in China, tourism becomes more and more popular and even normalcy within average people. Meanwhile it also displays structural tendency of FIT （foreign independent tourist）. The increasing demand of tourism public service in turn aggravates the gap between supply side and demand side. In contrast to the booming demand of tourism public service, definitive recognition to and understanding of tourism public service differs amongst academia and government officials. Many problems still baffle us theoretically and pragmatically. Who are the supply parties of tourism public service？ Who is the tourism public service to supply？ And what are the constituents and the guarantee mechanism of tourism public service？ Accordingly, understandings to all these problems vary in extensive scope. On building up a generally applicable tourism public service system, this paper presents a fundamental analysis on current problems and influential factors, upon which is a basic framework of tourism public service system and its operating mechanism are put forwarded and analyzed.