制鞋粘合剂对女工生殖健康的影响

Effect of shoe adhesive on reproductive health of female workers

目的研究制鞋用胶粘剂暴露对女工生殖健康的影响。方法选择青岛和高密制鞋大中小企业共47家,女工706人作为调查对象,填写健康调查表。数据录入Excel数据库,应用SPSS 17.0软件进行单因素t检验、F检验、χ2检验、非参数检验。结果 1企业情况:共调查47家企业,产品有生活、劳保、运动、旅游鞋等,鞋型包括整鞋、鞋帮。2直接接触胶粘剂岗位为抹胶、粘底、埋脑。共检测50个抹胶岗位,7个埋脑岗位,时间加权平均浓度(TWA)苯为(8.17±11.78)mg/m3,超标企业18家,埋脑岗位最高浓度为68.70 mg/m3;甲苯TWA为(25.30±25.64)mg/m3,超标7家,抹胶岗位最高浓度为122.2 mg/m3;二甲苯TWA为(3.71±3.77)mg/m3,无超标企业。3女工用工状况:被调查对象平均年龄32.82岁,工龄中位数为2.16 a,每周休息天数不足1 d,每天工作时间平均9.25 h;有加班、夜班。4将女工分为接苯组和非接苯组,接苯组每天工作时间、每年工作月数、每周加班时间少于非接苯组。苯接触组月经周期与非接苯组异常率高,苯接触组女工的月经经量异常率增高;苯接触组女工的痛经人数明显增多。结论鞋用胶粘剂主要以外购合成型树脂为主,小型企业使用胶粘剂仍含苯系化合物,苯、甲苯超标情况仍然存在。中型企业鞋用胶粘剂以丁酮、乙酸乙酯有机溶剂为主。接触含苯胶粘剂对女工的月经周期、痛经有影响。

[Objective]To study the effect of exposure to shoe adhesive on reproductive health of female workers. [Methods]706female workers from 47 large,medium and small shoemaking enterprises in Qingdao City and Gaomi City were enrolled in this study,and they filled in the health questionnaires. A database was established by Excel,and SPSS 17. 0 software was used to conduct t test,F test,chi-square test and nonparametric test. [Results]1A total of 47 shoemaking enterprises were surveyed,the types of products included life,labour protection,sports and travel shoe,and the shoe models were whole shoe and footwear upper. 2The posts of direct exposure to adhesive were gluing,sticky bottom and embedding. A total of 50 gluing posts and 7 embedding posts were detected. The time-weighted average（ TWA） concentration of benzene was（ 8. 17 ± 11. 78） mg / m^3,the benzene concentration exceeded the standard in 18 enterprises,and the maximum concentration in embedding posts was 68. 70 mg / m^3. The TWA concentration of toluene was（ 25. 30 ± 25. 64） mg / m^3,the toluene concentration exceeded the standard in 7 enterprises,and the maximum concentration in gluing posts was 122. 2 mg / m^3. The TWA concentration of xylene was（ 3. 71 ± 3. 77） mg / m^3,and no over-standard result was detected. 3The employment situation： the average age of female workers was 32. 82 years old,the median of working age was 2. 16 years,their rest time was less than one day a week,the average working time was 9. 25 hours every day,and there were night shift and work overtime. 4The female workers were divided into the exposure to benzene group and non-exposure to benzene group. The daily working time,working months a year and work overtime a week in the exposure group were shorter than those in non-exposure group. The menstrual cycle in the exposure group was obviously extended as compared with the non-exposure group,the abnormal rate of menstrual blood volume in the exposure group increased,and more female workers in the exposure group suffered from dysmenorrheal. [Conclusion]The shoes adhesives are mainly synthetic resin. The shoes adhesives in small enterprise are still the benzene series compounds,and there are the over-standard situation of benzene and toluene. The shoes adhesives in medium-sized shoemaking enterprises are mainly the organic solvents of butanone and ethyl acetate. The exposure to adhesive containing benzene may influence the menstrual cycle and incidence of dysmenorrheal of female workers.