1991—2010年内蒙古自治区甲型病毒性肝炎监测流行特征回顾

Retrospective analysis on epidemiological features of viral hepatitis A in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region from 1991-2010

目的分析1991—2010年内蒙古自治区（内蒙古）甲型病毒性肝炎（甲肝）流行特征,为甲肝防治工作提供依据。方法应用Excel软件对1991—2010年法定传染病报告系统报告的甲肝疫情资料进行描述流行病学分析。结果内蒙古甲肝发病率由1991年的47.81/10万下降到2010年的0.97/10万,占传染病发病比例由1991年的22.91%下降到2010年的0.23%。全年均有发病,冬季和春季发病高峰逐渐被削平,流行季节性已不明显。男性发病多于女性,主要发病年龄由5～14岁变为20～54岁。农民等成人群体代替学生和散居儿童成为主要的发病人群。结论内蒙古甲肝发病呈逐年下降的趋势,继续加强查验接种证和查漏补种疫苗工作对消除免疫空白人群至关重要,加强对学校和托幼机构等场所的卫生监管和接种甲肝疫苗是控制甲肝流行与暴发的有效手段。

[Objective]To analyze the epidemiological features of viral hepatitis A in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region from1991-2010,provide a basis of prevention and treatment of hepatitis A. [Methods]The epidemic data of hepatitis A from 1991-2010,which were reported by the Notifiable infectious disease reporting system,were analyzed with descriptive epidemiological method by Excel software. [Results]The incidence rate of hepatitis A had decreased from 47. 8 / lakh in 1991 to 0. 97 / lakh in 2010,and the proportion of hepatitis A to infectious diseases had decreased from 22. 91% in 1991 to 0. 23% in 2010. The cases were reported in the whole year,the season peaks in winter and spring had gradually disappeared,and there was no obvious seasonality. The case number of males was higher than that of females,and 20-54 years old group showed the highest incidence rate instead of 5-14 years old group,while farmer and worker have become the high-risk population instead of student and scattered child. [Conclusion]The incidence rate of hepatitis A in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region shows a declining trend year by year. It is important to continue to enhance the inoculation certificate inspection and supplementary immunization,to eliminate the immune blank crowd. To enhance the health supervision in schools and kindergartens,and implement the hepatitis A vaccination are effective means for controlling epidemic and outbreak of hepatitis A.