中老年健康体检者下肢外周动脉疾病患病情况及危险因素分析

Prevalence of lower extremity arterial disease and its risk factors in middle-aged and elderly population on health check-up

目的 调查中老年健康体检人群下肢外周动脉疾病（PAD）的患病情况及相关危险因素,为开展健康体检人群下肢动脉粥样硬化的预防提供科学依据. 方法 随机选择2011-2012年在我院进行健康体检（年龄≥45岁）人群作为研究对象,由专业培训医师行踝臂指数（ABI）测量和相关资料收集.任一侧肢体ABI≤0.9诊断为PAD. 结果 6563例中老年健康体检者中,PAD患病率为2.0％,标化患病率为2.1％.男性PAD患病率为2.4％,标化患病率为2.4％;女性PAD患病率为1.3％,标化患病率为1.5％;男性患病率高于女性（x2 =9.11,P=0.003）.随着体质指数的增加,PAD患病率升高（x^2=15.07,P＜0.001）.多因素Logistic回归分析显示,年龄（≥75岁）、男性、收缩压、肥胖、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇异常等因素与PAD患病有关. 结论 本地区中老年健康体检者的PAD患病率低于中国自然人群的患病率,男性高于女性,收缩压、体质指数和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇与PAD患病有关,应加强该人群对血压、血脂和体质量的控制,预防和降低PAD等动脉粥样硬化疾病的发生.

Objective To investigate the lower extremity arterial disease （LAD） and its risk factors in middle aged and elderly population on health check-up,in order to provide the scientific basis for the prevention of lower limb atherosclerosis.Methods A total of 6563 people who had health check-up were included in this investigation and ankle brachial index （ABI） as well as other related examinations were measured.LAD was defined as an ABI ≤ 0.9 in either leg.Results The prevalence of LAD in the 6563 subjects was 2.0%,the standardized prevalence was 2.1%.The prevalence of LAD in male and female was 2.4% and 1.3%,with the standardized prevalence was 2.4% and 1.5%,respectively.The prevalence of LAD was a higher in male than in female（x^2 =9.11,P=0.003）.Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that older age （aged 75 years and over）,male gender,systolic pressure,obesity （BMI ≥ 28） and abnormality of low density lipoprotein cholesterol （LDL-C） were correlated with the increased prevalence of LAD.Conclusions The prevalence of LAD in middle-aged and elderly health check-up people in this region is lower than in natural population of China,and men have higher prevalence of LAD than women.Systolic pressure,BMI and LDL-C are correlated with the prevalence of LAD.Preventive measurements should be taken to control their blood pressure,serum lipid and body weight in order to prevent and reduce the incidences of LAD and other atherosclerotic diseases.