间充质干细胞增殖、衰老及分化:Wnt信号通路经典与非经典的调控作用

Proliferation, senescence and differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells: canonical and non-canonical regulations of Wnt signaling pathway

背景:间充质干细胞作为再生医学及组织工程领域中的重要种子细胞来源,对其不同生物学特性的调控机制一直是目前研究的热点。目的:综述Wnt信号通路调控间充质干细胞增殖、衰老及分化的研究进展。方法:应用计算机检索2002至2014年PubMed数据库及CNKI数据库,以"mesenchymal stem cells,Wnt signaling pathway,proliferation,senescence,differentiation"或"间充质干细胞,Wnt信号通路,增殖,衰老,分化"为关键词进行检索,重点对44篇文章进行分析。结果与结论:Wnt信号通路广泛参与调控间充质干细胞多种生物学特性。经典Wnt信号通路对间充质干细胞增殖及向成骨细胞分化具有双向调控作用,并能够促进其衰老及向神经细胞分化,抑制其向脂肪细胞分化;非经典Wnt信号通路则参与促进间充质干细胞衰老及向成骨细胞分化,抑制其增殖及向脂肪细胞分化,不参与其向神经细胞分化,为其应用于骨组织工程、神经损伤修复等领域提供了新的研究靶点。

BACKGROUND：As mesenchymal stem cells are commonly used as seed cells in studies of regenerative medicine and tissue engineering, the regulatory mechanism of their biological characteristics is a current research focus. OBJECTIVE：To summarize the regulations of Wnt signaling pathway on proliferation, senescence and differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. METHODS：PubMed database and CNKI database were retrieved by computer using the key words of“mesenchymal stem cells, Wnt signaling pathway, proliferation, senescence, differentiation”in Chinese and English, respectively, between 2002 and 2014. Final y, 44 articles were included in result analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION：Wnt signaling pathway is widely involved in the regulations of the biological characteristics of mesenchymal stem cells. Canonical Wnt signaling pathway reveals a bi-directional regulation effect on cellproliferation and osteogenic differentiation, and enhances senescence and neural differentiation, but inhibits adipogenic differentiation;non-canonical Wnt signaling pathway enhances senescence and osteogenic differentiation, and inhibits proliferation and adipogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells, but it takes no part in neural differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. So the regulations of Wnt signaling pathway on the biological characteristics of mesenchymal stem cells can be used as the new therapeutic targets of bone tissue engineering, nerve injury repair, and so on.