腰椎椎弓根动态内固定修复腰椎退行性疾病:K-Rod弹性棒、通用弹性棒及Dynesys系统比较

Dynamic lumbar pedicle fixation in repair of lumbar degenerative disease: K-Rod elastic rod, universal elastic rod and Dynesys system

背景:椎间盘摘除椎弓根内固定融合是修复腰椎退变疾病的金标准,但在治疗疾病的同时可引出来其他并发症,如邻近节段的退行性变或加剧已存在的脊柱退行性变等问题。针对腰椎融合固定的问题,近年来腰椎弹性固定成为一个热点。目的:探讨腰椎椎弓根动态内固定修复腰椎管狭窄症和腰椎间盘突出症的近期疗效。方法:2010年12月至2012年12月采用腰椎动态内固定系统共治疗腰椎管狭窄症和腰椎间盘突出症患者62例。L3,4节段5例;L4,5节段20例;L5S1节段20例;L3,4,L4,5双节段6例;L4,5,L5S1双节段8例,L3,4,5 S1三节段患者3例。男34例,女28例;年龄32-72岁,平均50.8岁。根据使用不同内固定系统分为3组,使用通用动态腰椎固定系统17例,K-Rod后路动态稳定系统28例,Dynesys系统17例。随访24-48个月,评价指标包括目测类比评分、Oswestry功能障碍指数、影像学分析及疗效优良率。结果与结论:结果显示,与治疗前相比,治疗后6个月及末次随访时各组患者目测类比评分、Oswestry功能障碍指数均获得显著改善(P<0.01)。治疗前、末次随访时置入节段及邻近节段高度无明显变化。治疗后各组疗效优良率差异无显著性意义(P>0.05)。提示腰椎动态内固定系统是修复腰椎管狭窄症和腰椎间盘突出症的一种有效方法,3种弹性固定虽然存在结构的不同,但是早期治疗效果上无明显区别,远期效果有待进一步观察。

BACKGROUND：Discectomy and pedicle fixation fusion are golden standard to repair lumbar degenerative disease, but the treatment would induce other complications such as degeneration of adjacent segments or severer pre-existing spinal degeneration. For the problem of lumbar fusion and fixation, lumbar elastic fixation has recently been a hot focus. OBJECTIVE：To evaluate the short-term effectiveness of dynamic lumbar pedicle fixation in repair of lumbar spinal stenosis and lumbar disc herniation. METHODS：From December 2010 to December 2012, 62 cases of lumbar spinal stenosis and lumbar disc herniation treated with lumbar dynamic system were included. The involved segments included：5 cases at L 3/4 , 20 cases at L 4/5 , 20 cases at L 5 S 1 , 6 cases at double segment L 3/4 and L 4/5, 8 cases at double segment L 4/5 , L 5 S 1 , 3 cases at L 3/4 and L 5 S 1 . There were 34 males and 28 females with an average age of 50.8 years （range 32 to 72 years）. According to different fixation systems, they were assigned to three groups：general dynamic lumbar fixation system in 17 cases, K-Rod posterior dynamic stabilization system in 28 cases, and Dynesys system in 17 cases. The fol ow-up time was from 24 to 48 months. Evaluation indexes included visual analogue scale, Oswestry disability index, imaging analysis and excellent and good rate of curative effects. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION：Compared with before treatment, visual analogue scale score and Oswestry disability index were significantly improved at 6 months after treatment and final fol ow-up （P〈0.01）. No apparent changes were detected in the length of inserted segments and adjacent segments before treatment and during final fol ow-up. There were no significant differences in the excellent and good rate in each group after treatment （P〉0.05）. These data indicated that the lumbar dynamic system was an effective option for lumbar disc herniation and spinal stenosis. Although there are some differences in the structure of three kinds of flexible fixation, no obvious difference in early therapeutic effects was detected. Long-term effects deserve further investigations.