云南某锌业公司职业铅中毒现状及影响因素分析

Analysis on Current Situation and Influencing Factors of Occupational Lead Poisoning in Yunnan Certain Zinc Company

目的 探讨某锌业公司在职员工尿铅超标影响因素,为今后制定切实可行的预防措施提供依据.方法 收集3 420名职工晨尿,按照WS/T17-1996方法进行尿铅检测.参照GBZ37-2002《职业性慢性铅中毒诊断标准》,尿铅≥0.07 mg/L为超标,采用秩和检验比较不同工作场所、性别、年龄段、文化程度、工作年限间尿铅超标率的差异,分类非条件Logistic回归分析其影响因素.结果 3 420名职工尿铅水平范围在0.01 ～ 2.18 mg/L,几何均数为0.04 mg/L,尿铅检测超标31人,超标率为0.96％.不同性别、工作场所间超标率间差异无统计学意义.不同年龄段、文化程度与工作年限间超标率差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）,尿铅超标的主要影响因素为性别、年龄段和文化程度.结论 某锌业公司尿铅超标不明显;男性尿铅超标率高于女性;年龄轻和文化程度高者易发生尿铅超标。

Objective To discuss the influence factors of lead urine exceeded in certain zinc company, and provide evidence for practical prevention measures. Methods The urina sanguinis of 3420 workers were collected and urinary lead assay was conducted according to WS／T17-1996. Worker＇s urine lead exceeded 0.07 mg/L was diagnosed as subjects by occupational diagnostic criteria for chronic lead poisoning GBZ37-2002. The differences in exceeded rate of urine lead among different factories, genders, age groups, education and work time were compared. The influence factors were analyzed by binary logistic regression. Results The range of the urine lead of 3420 workers was 0.01-2.18 mg/L, and the geometric mean was 0.04 mg/L. The exceeded number was 31, with the exceeded rate of 0.96%. There were no statistical significant differences in exceeded rate between different factories and genders. The differences in exceeded rate between different age groups, education, and work times were statistical significant （P 〈 0.05） . The genders, age groups and education were main influence factors of the exceeded rate. Conclusion The urine lead exceeded rate was not obvious in this company. The urine lead of the man was higher than that of women. The young and people with high education were likely to take the urine lead exceeded.