有机-无机复合肥配施对甜瓜植株生长、产量和品质的影响

Effects of organic and inorganic compound fertilizers on growth,yield and quality of melon

为明确甜瓜设施栽培适宜的施肥模式,提高甜瓜产量和品质,采用随机区组设计的田间试验,研究了6种不同施肥模式(习惯施肥、单施有机肥、1/2习惯施肥+1/2有机肥、3/4习惯施肥+3/4有机肥、习惯施肥+有机肥、3/2习惯施肥+3/2有机肥)对甜瓜植株生长、叶绿素荧光特性及产量和品质的影响。结果表明:与习惯施肥(CK)相比,1/2习惯施肥+1/2有机肥(T2)和3/4习惯施肥+3/4有机肥(T3)的生长势、叶片叶绿素含量(SPAD)和光合能力增强;T2处理产量提高了29.61%,纯收入增加了19 346元(人民币,下同)/hm2;单施有机肥(T1)和T2处理的果实可溶性固形物、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白和维生素C含量增加,游离氨基酸和硝酸盐含量降低。综合生长、产量和品质等指标,有机肥10 422 kg/hm2+复合肥926 kg/hm2配施(T2)效果最佳,促进了甜瓜植株生长和光合能力,在保证营养品质的基础上,提高了产量产值,获得了较好的经济效益。

To clarify a suitable fertilization regimes for optimized yield and quality of melon protected culture,effects on growth,chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics,yield and quality with 6 fertilization regimes were investigated by random block design field experiment,the fertilization regimes included conventional fertilization （CK）, single organic fertilization （T1）, 1/2 CK ＋ 1/2T1 （T2）, 3/4 CK ＋ 3/4 T1（T3）,CK ＋ Tl（T4）and 3/2 CK ＋ 3/2T1 （TS）. The results showed that compared with the conventional fertilization（CK）,under the treatments of T2 and T3,the plants growth,SPAD and photosynthesis were increased, furthermore, T2 significantly increased; yield and net income of T2 increased respectively by 29.61% and 19 346 Yuan/hm^2over CK;the treatments of T1 and T2 processed higher content of soluble solid, soluble sugar, soluble protein and Vitamin C, and lower accumulation of nitrate and free amino acid content, Synthesized the indexes of growth, yield and quality, the proper pattern of combined application was 10 422 kg/hm^2organic fertilizer and 926 kg/hm^2 compound fertilizer（T2） ,which promoted the plants growth and photosynthesis, and increased yields and economic benefits on the basis of ensuring the nutritional quality.