制度的法律形式及其形成的政治因素--美国民族教育制度的法社会学分析

Legal Form of the System and Political Factors in Its Formation——An Analysis of American Ethnic Education System in Perspective of Sociology of Law

美国民族教育方面的相关法律制度,由法律文本和司法判例共同构成,是美国司法建构体系及其运行机制的体现,也反映出美国社会政治经济发展的实际。其表面趋向于教育公平的现象,掩盖了长期存在的种族歧视思想,实质是社会各种利益群体角逐、博弈后的结果,直接动力是美国执政者或政治家的政治利益驱动。分析美国民族教育制度的法律形式,发现其没有把民族教育问题当作独立的问题,不贴民族标签,民族问题国家化而非民族化,是美国民族教育制度的一个重要特征。

The American legal system for ethnic education consists of legal documents and judicial precedents,reflecting not only American judicial system and its operation mechanism but also political,social and economic development in America. On the surface,it tends to be fair in education,covering up the long existing racial discrimination; but in fact,it is the result of the competitions among various social interest groups directly impelled by the political interests of American authorities or politicians. A detailed analysis of the legal system for ethnic education reveals that its important characteristic lies in neither regarding ethnic education as an isolated problem,nor sticking an ethnic label on it,but treating ethnic problems as national ones.