论人与水的和解——马克思恩格斯生态水利思想探析

Reconciliation between Man and Water: An Analysis of Marx and Engels' Thought on Ecological Water Conservancy

马克思、恩格斯在现代文明史上最早对资本主义生产造成的水污染和环境破坏给予全面的揭露与批判,在对人与自然关系作实践唯物主义的论述中已内在地蕴含着丰富的生态水利思想,包括水利与气候、水利与农业、东方地理环境与水利的关系。人与水的关系,归根到底是人与人关系的一种反映,体现着人和人之间的利益和道德关系。面对水生态危机,要实现人与自然、人与水的和解,马克思恩格斯认为树立"自然内在价值"观念、建立合理的适合人的本性的生产模式、在共产主义制度下对社会和自然关系的自觉协调是人与自然和谐相处的必由之路,也是人水和解的应有之义。深入分析和阐释马克思恩格斯生态水利思想,全面的掌握生态水利思想的基本内涵和解决水生态问题的途径,以指导新形势下的治水实践,为当今人类摆脱全球水危机指明正确的方向。

Marx and Engels disclose and criticize water pollution and environmental damage caused by capitalist production in the history of modern civilization. Their comments of practical materialism on the relationship between man and nature consist of rich ideas of ecological water conservancy,which includes the relationship between water conservancy and climate,between water conservancy and agriculture, between oriental geography environment and water conservancy. The relationship between man and water reflects the interpersonal relationship,interests and morality. Faced with crisis of water ecology, Marx and Engels propose the following ideas: Firstly,to realize the reconciliation between man- nature and man- water,it is compulsory to have the idea of natural intrinsic value;Secondly,it is important to establish reasonable production mode corresponding to man 's attribute; Thirdly,the only way to deal with the harmonious relationship between man and nature is to consciously coordinate the relationship between society and nature in the context of communism system, which is the appropriate understanding on the reconciliation between man and water. Based on the in-depth analysis and detailed interpretation of Marx and Engels ' ideas on ecological water conservancy,the paper shows the necessity of comprehensively understanding the basic connotation of ecological thought and the ways of coping with problems of water ecology. Such thought is of great importance to guide water harnessing practice under new condition. It also contributes to getting rid of global water crisis.