捷克汉学家普实克的中国文学自调观

Czech Sinologist Prusek's Self-Adjusting View of Chinese Literature

中国现代文学的发生是否如"革命"一样骤然出现?捷克汉学家普实克试图从结构自身调节及演化的角度来解答这个问题。结构并不总是处于静止不动的守恒状态。它不仅具有内部自我调节的功能,而且,当这种调节功能所起的作用改变了原本结构时,则会引发新的结构的产生。基于此,普实克认为,这种根本性的变革不是一蹴而就的,要有一系列的连续变化做铺垫。这种连续变化就是中国古典文学进行自我调节的体现,主要包括三个方面:一是思想文化层面的改变,二是小说文体地位的提升,三是文学艺术手法的创新。通过对这几个方面的论述,普实克认为中国古典文学的自我调节是中国现代文学发生的最主要及最根本的动力,外国文学与文化的影响只是加速了古典文学走向现代文学的进程而已。

Does the happening of modern Chinese literature really as prompt as a ＂revolution＂？ The Czeek sinologist Jaroslav Prusek tries to answer this question from the angle of self - adjustment and evolution of a structure. A structure will not always keep in a state of permanent stillness. It not only has an internal self -adjusting function, but also can generate new structure when its self - adjusting function has radically changed its original structure. Based on this, Prusek believes that the fundamental reform cannot be completed in a single action without a series of continuous changes as preparation. These continuous changes are just a demonstration of self - adjustment of classic Chinese literature, which mainly includes three aspects ： first, the change in the level of culture and ideology ; second, the rising of the status of novels as a literary genre ; third, the innovation in literary artistry. By discussing all of these aspects, Prusek believes that the self-adjustment of classic Chinese literature is the major and fundamental dynamic for the generation of the modern Chinese literature. The impact of foreign literature and culture only accelerated the process of evolution from classic literature to modern literature.