基于增强型植被指数序列和景观格局分析的松嫩平原盐碱地动态——以大安市为例

Dynamics of salinization land based on EVI series data and landscape pattern analysis in Songnen Plain:A case study in Da'an City

吉林省西部是我国盐碱化严重的地区之一,盐碱地动态变化与监测受到关注.基于盐碱化典型区大安市2000、2005和2010年TM影像解译获取的土地利用数据与2000—2012年增强型植被指数(EVI)的序列数据,结合传统景观格局方法分析盐碱地的动态变化,并通过灰色关联方法分析盐碱地动态变化的主要驱动因子.结果表明:2000—2010年,大安市主要景观类型为耕地、草地和盐碱地,其中,盐碱地和耕地面积呈增加趋势,草地呈减少趋势,盐碱地面积的增加主要来源于草地、沼泽和水域,盐碱地呈现出连通性和聚集度增加的特征.大安市年际EVI呈增长趋势,年均EVI空间分布差异明显,盐碱地EVI值低于其他景观类型,2000—2012年植被覆盖改善的面积稍高于植被覆盖退化的面积,景观类型转化影响了EVI的变化趋势.盐碱地景观演变是自然因素与人为因素共同作用的结果,人类活动干扰对土地盐碱化的影响大于气候因子.

The west part of Jilin Province is one of the most salinization regions in China and much attention has been paid to the dynamics and monitoring of the salinization land. Based on the land use data derived from TM images in 2000, 2005 and 2010 and the enhanced vegetation index （EVI） series data from 2000 to 2012 of Da＇ an City as a typical salinization region, we used landscape pattern analysis to elucidate the dynamics of salinization land, and used gray incidence method to analyze the main driving factors for the dynamics of land salinization. The results showed that the dominant land use types in Da＇ an City were cultivated land, grassland and salinization land. From 2000 to 2010, the area of salinization land and construction land showed an increasing trend, while that of grassland tended to decrease. Salinization land, which showed increased connectivity and integrity, was mainly transformed from grassland, swamp land and water area. Annual EVI values in Da＇ an City showed an overall increasing trend while the average values showed obvious spatial differences with the lowest EVI level in salinization land. From 2000 to 2012, the increment of vegetation cover area was larger than that of the degraded area. Landscape transformation affected the changing trends of EVI. Both natural factors and human activities affected the dynamics of salinization land, and human activities showed a greater impact on land salinization than climate factors.