明代苏州地区书画消费群体研究

The Research on Calligraphy and Painting Consumers of Suzhou in Ming Dynasty

有明一代,苏州地区商品经济发达,人才辈出,尤其在书画领域创造了举世瞩目的成就。由此也促成了浓郁的书画收藏之风。民间的私家收藏,无论从数量、品种还是从质量上说,苏州地区都堪称海内之冠,而且形成了收藏家群体,共同赏鉴,互通有无。明代苏州书画市场的日益发展和成熟,突出地表现在书画消费市场层次的多样性。其消费的群体大致分为两大类:"鉴赏家"、"好事者"和其他身份的消费者;从其消费的目的来看,主要分为收藏鉴赏、附庸风雅、装饰房屋、艺术投资以及斗富等。明代苏州消费群体的形成与苏州繁荣的商品经济密切相关,在形成过程中及其收藏活动中所体现出来的消费心态、审美要求以及处事观念无不打上商业社会特有的烙印。这种消费群体的多样性正是明代苏州地区书画市场日益活跃的表现。

In the Ming Dynasty,the commodity economy developed and produced more talents at Suzhou,especially in the field of Chinese painting,which had achieved great success,romoting the prevalence of the collection of painting and calli-graphy.The quantity,variety and quality of private collection were the first in the country.The collector groups were formed,then they appreciated and exchanged their collections from each other.In the Ming Dynasty,the deal of the paint-ing and calligraphy developed rapidly and became increasingly mature,especially in the consumption diversity of painting and calligraphy market.The consumer groups divided into two categories：＂connoisseurs＂,＂amateurs＂and others.From the consumption purposes,they were divided into the collection of appreciation,arty,housing decoration,art investment and flaunt wealth and so on.The formation of the calligraphy and painting consumers of Suzhou in Ming Dynasty was re-lated to the development of commodity economy.During the process of formation,its collection activities,consumer psy-chology,aesthetic requirements and concept of work of its collection activities all had their special brand of commercial so-ciety.The varieties of consumer groups only reflected the active performance in painting and calligraphy market of Suzhou region in the Ming Dynasty.