新时期高校教师职业倦怠的归因及消解

On Attribution and Relief of University Teachers' Occupation Burnout in New Period

新时期高校教师职业倦怠已对高等教育、教师群体及社会产生了较大的消极影响。这一现象的产生涉及到社会、高校和个人三个方面的因素:在社会因素方面主要是缺乏有效的社会支持;在高校方面,高校教师工作负荷过重,内部竞争激烈,控制感弱化;在个人因素方面,受到教师的职业期望、人格特质、教龄、性别、受教育程度等方面因素的影响。如何缓解高校教师职业倦怠的现状,一方面要建立社会支持网络,增加高校教师的职业认同;另一方面,高校要加强组织干预,激发教师的工作热情,同时,高校教师自身要进行积极的自我调适。

In the new era,the university teacher occupation burnout has greatly negative influence on higher education, teachers and society.Major causes of this phenomenon involve the society,university and individual.The society factors are mainly due to the lack of social support;the university factors mainly involves the teacher overload,internal competi-tion and weak control;the individual factors mainly relate to Occupation Expectation,personality,age,gender,educa-tion,etc..The relief of university teacher occupation burnout lies the following：the first is to establish a social support network and increase the occupation identity of college teachers;the second is to strengthen the organizational intervention and arouse the enthusiasm of teachers;the third is that the college teachers carry out self adj ustment.