5[1]Little D. Learning Autonomy: Definitions, Issues and Problems [M]. Dublin: Authentik, 1991.
6[2]Holec H. Autonomy in Foreign Language Learning [M]. Oxford: OUP, 1981.
7[3]Gardner R C. Social Psychology and Second Language Learning: The Role of Attitude and Motivation [M]. London: Edward Arnold, 1985.
8[4]Brown D. Affective factors in second language learning [A]. In: Alatis A. The Second Language Classroom: Directions for the 1980's [C]. Oxford: OUP, 1981.
9[5]Gardner RC, Lambert W E. Attitudes and Motivation in Second Language Learning [M]. Rowley, Mass: Newbury House, 1972.
10[6]Gardner R C, MacIntyre P D. A student's contributions to second-leanguage learning (Part II): Affective variables [J]. Language Teaching, 1993,26:1~11.