土地权利的历史演进及其规律探寻

Exploration of Historical Evolution of Land Rights and Its Regularity

土地权利的初始形态有罗马法上的土地权利和日耳曼法上的土地权利,两种土地权利虽有区别,但都体现了强烈的身份特性。近代的土地权利强调权利的绝对性并分化为土地所有权和他物权。现代社会,土地权利的社会化理念和制度勃兴。从总体上看,土地权利的演进规律体现在以下两个方面,即一方面土地权利的类型随着经济社会的发展而不断地发生变动,另一方面土地权利的发展呈现出从以"所有为中心"到以"利用为中心"的转变。

The initial patterns of land rights include land rights in the Roman law and land rights in Germanic law, both of which embody strong characteristics of identity although differences exist between these two kinds of land rights. Modern land rights place great emphasis on the absoluteness of right and are divided into either land proprietorial rights or jus in re aliena. In contemporary society, socialization ideas and institu- tions of land rights keep booming. In general, the disciplinarian of land right evolution is reflected in the fol- lowing two aspects, namely in one hand land right patterns vary constantly with the development of economic society, on the other hand the development of land rights demonstrate a transition changing from ＇proper- ty-centered＇ to ＇ utilization-centered＇.