企业开放式创新特征的归纳性分析——基于28家创新型企业的问卷调查

The Conclusive Analysis on the Characteristics of Enterprise Open Innovation——Based on the Survey of 28 Innovative Enterprises

基于28家广东省创新型企业的质性数据,运用归纳性分析方法,研究了企业内向型与外向型开放式创新活动的特征。研究发现:第一,内向型开放式创新在企业中的实践较为普遍且规范化,而外向型开放式创新仅限于部分行业龙头企业且处于"随意而为"的起步探索阶段;第二,内部创新能力不足是企业实施内向型开放式创新最主要的动因特征;多样化的创新途径与知识渠道、规范化的过程组织以及多层次的效果评估机制是企业内向型开放式创新的过程特征;内向型开放式创新对企业绩效提升产生系统性影响,且对技术进步的促进作用最为普遍;第三,外向型开放式创新途径包括技术转让至关联公司、交钥匙工程、专利转让与出售、商业模式创新等形式。

This paper conducts a conclusive analysis on the characteristics of enterprise open innovation based on the qualitative data of 28 innovative enterprises in Guangdong Province. Results show that,the implementation of inbound open innovation are pervasive and normative,while the practice of outbound open innovation is still at its initial exploration casual stage limited only to some leading firms; lacking in internal innovation capabilities is the main motivation characteristic of inbound open innovation. Meanwhile,in the process dimension,inbound open innovation considers multiple innovation method,normative organization in process and multi-layered performance assessment mechanisms as characteristics of it. In the effect dimension,a systematic influence on firm＇s performance can be generated from inbound open innovation,which the impact on technological advance is to be the most common. Finally,some types of outbound open innovation are concluded including transferring technology to affiliates,transferring and sale of patents,turnkey project and business model innovation,etc.