晚清电报业的社会化进程及其国有化

Social Process of Telegraph Industry and Its Nationalization at Late-Qing Dynasty

电报业是晚清社会的新生行业。晚清社会引入电报后,清政府按照近代中国的社会条件建设发展电报业。电报业诞生后,形成官方主导的运行机制。在官方的推动下,晚清电报业逐步进入民间社会,开始其社会化进程。随着电报业的发展及其优势的体现,民间社会开始接受、认同,并开展建设民族电报业的讨论与思考。电报业本身的特殊性及其发展的社会需要,决定了晚清电报业国有化的最终归向。在晚清电报业的社会化进程中,官方高度重视、全程参与、顺势引导,这一特殊现象表明了清廷对电报业的民族性"改造"。晚清电报业的国有化过程,亦是电报业民族性改造的过程。

The modern China telegraph industry’s nationalization,taking the modern social needs as a premise,is a historical tendency for the telegraph’s development.After Late-Qing dynasty’s telegraph industry birth,it is the government-supervised business management form that has safeguarded the official influence to the telegraph industry and has prepared the subjective condition for nationalization management.Along with telegraph industry’s development,its superiority status appears unceasingly,thus has realized its socialized approval gradually and has prepared its nationalization objective condition.Modern telegraph industry’s particularity has also decided its nationalization development way.Late-Qing dynasty telegram industry’s development process is under modern China social transformation environment,so there is an intrinsic connection between the request of social modernization and the nationalization of telegraph industry.The telegraph industry nationalization’s process is following with nationality tendency.As a newborn industry,modern China telegraph’s birth and development were under the Western factor’s influence,and this “the foreign substance”experienced the official force,the folk identification,the nationalization in the modern society,and displayed the universal characteristic that was showed in the Chinese society modernization advancement.