论监护人对成年嗣后被监护人履行监护职责的标准

A Research on Criterion of Guardian Performing Guardianship for the Wards Who Lost Capacity

我国民法就监护人对于成年嗣后被监护人履行监护职责应该遵循的标准,未作规定。纵观德国、日本、韩国、我国台湾地区、英国、美国的立法,采用的标准包括四类:最大利益的标准;替代判断的标准;依次为替代判断的标准、最大利益的标准;替代判断的标准和最大利益的标准。在学说上,美国目前存在着五种立场:严格的替代判断观;扩大的替代判断观;严格的最大利益观;扩大的最大利益观;复合型(hybrid)的替代判断/最大利益观。在我国,立法应依次采用扩大的替代判断的标准、扩大的最大利益的标准、严格的最大利益的标准。

Now Civil law in our country does not stipulate for criterion of guardian performing guardianship for the adult wards who lost capacity. The criterion used by laws in Germany, Japan, Southern Korea, Taiwan region, England and America can be classified into four kinds, Best interest standard, substituted judgment standard, firstly substituted judgment standard and then best interest standard, best interest standard and substituted judgment standard. Literature concerned in America can be classified into five kinds, strict substituted judgment standard model, expanded substituted judgment standard model, strict best interest standard model, expanded best interest standard model, hybrid substituted judgment^standard best interest standard model. Civil law in China should adopt first expanded substituted judgment standard, then expanded best interest standard, then strict best interest standard.