重庆市武隆县燃煤污染型氟中毒防治效果评价

Evaluation of the control effect on coal-burning endemic fluorosis in Wulong County of Chongqing

目的 评价重庆市武隆县燃煤污染型氟中毒防治效果.方法 2012年10月至2013年4月,在武隆县选择7个病区村进行燃煤污染型氟中毒防治效果县级现场调查.在每个病区村,对8～12周岁所有儿童进行氟斑牙检查,并采集50份尿样,测定尿氟;对所有居民户进行入户调查,了解居民户炉灶及食用玉米、辣椒的干燥情况;采集10户玉米、辣椒,测定氟含量.2013年4月,对上述7个病区村进行燃煤污染型氟中毒防治效果市级考核.对每个村的所有8～ 12周岁儿童进行氟斑牙检查;并抽取10户家庭,调查居民户炉灶及食用玉米、辣椒的干燥情况.氟斑牙诊断采用《氟斑牙诊断标准》（WS/T 208-2011）,尿氟测定采用《尿中氟的离子选择电极法》（WS/T 89-1996）,玉米、辣椒氟含量采用氟离子选择电极法.结果 县级现场调查了武隆县7个病区村,共对549名8～12岁儿童进行氟斑牙检查,检出率为8.01％（44/549）;共调查居民3 200户,改良炉灶合格率为99.56％（3 186/3 200）;改良炉灶正确使用率为99.78％（3 179/3 186）.共调查2 390户食用玉米和辣椒的干燥情况,正确干燥率均为100.00％（2 390/2 390）.共采集314份8～ 12岁儿童尿样,尿氟为0.25mg/L;采集玉米、辣椒各58份,氟含量分别为0.70、2.09 mg/kg.市级考核调查了武隆县7个病区村,337名儿童,氟斑牙检出率为11.28％（38/337）;共调查了70户居民炉灶使用情况,改良炉灶合格率、正确使用率均为100.00％（70/70,70/70）;分别调查56、58户玉米、辣椒的干燥情况,其正确干燥率均为100.00％（56/56、58/58）.结论 重庆市武隆县7个病区村均达到了燃煤污染型氟中毒病区消除标准.

Objective To evaluate the effects of prevention and control measures on coal-burning endemic fluorosis in Wulong County of Chongqing.Methods At a county level investigation,seven of the disease affected villages were investigated to evaluate the effectiveness of prevention and control measures on coal-burning endemic fluorosis in Wulong County from October 2012 to April 2013.Dental fluorosis of all children aged 8-12 was examined in every selected village.Urine samples of 50 children were collected and urinary iodine level was determined.The installed improved stoves,the drying of corn and pepper were investigated in every household surveyed.Ten samples of corn and pepper were collected and iodine level was determined.At a city level survey,seven of the disease affected villages were investigated to evaluate the effectiveness of prevention and control measures on coal-burning endemic fluorosis in April 2013.Dental fluorosis of all children aged 8-12 was examined in all villages.Ten households were selected for investigation of the installation of improved stoves,drying of corn and pepper.Children dental fluorosis was diagnosed based on the standard for ＂Diagnosis of Dental FIuorosis＂ （WS/T 208-2011）.The fluoride concentration of children＇s urine was measured according to the standard for ＂Urine-determination of Fluoride-ion Specific Electrode Method＂ （WS/T 89-1996）.The fluoride concentration of corn and pepper was measured by the method of fluoride-ion selective electrode.Results The field survey results at the county level showed that the prevalence rate of dental fluorosis of children aged 8-12 was 8.01% （44/549）.The qualified rate of installed improved stoves was 99.56%（3 186/3 200） and the rate of correct usage of improved stoves was 99.78%（3 179/3 186）.The correct drying rates of corn and pepper were all 100.00%（2 390/2 390）.Three hundred and fourteen urine samples were collected and the fluoride content was 0.25 mg/L.Fifty-eight corn and 58 pepper samples were collected.The fluoride contents of corn and pepper were 0.70,2.09 mg/kg,respectively.At the field survey at city level,seven of the disease affected villages were investigated,the prevalence rate of dental fluorosis of children was 11.28% （38/337）.Seventy households were surveyed for the improved stoves.The qualified rate of installation of improved stoves and the rate of correct usage of improved stoves were all 100.00%（70/70,70/70）.The drying of 56 corn and 58 pepper samples was surveyed.The correct drying rates of corn and pepper were all 100.00%（56/56,58/58）.Conchsion All villages have reached the elimination criteria of coal-burning endemic fluorosis areas in Wulong County.