室外风对高层建筑外保温层火灾发展的影响研究

Research on Fire Spread Characteristics of Insulation Layers of High-Rise Buildings under Outdoor Wind Condition

近年来,由外墙保温材料引起的高层建筑火灾频繁发生,使得高层建筑室外火灾已经成为当下防火安全工程研究的热点议题。高层建筑外墙火灾受室外风影响较大,本研究采用CFD(Computational Fluid Dynamics)火灾模拟软件FDS,针对当前典型高层住宅建筑进行室外风作用下外保温材料火灾特性的模拟研究,分析了不同风向风速作用下外墙保温材料的火灾燃烧性能,研究了室外风对火灾烟气温度、运动速度、CO体积分数、可见度、火灾热释放速率等参数的影响。研究结果表明:室外风对火灾热释放速率等火灾作用参数有着较大影响,并存在一定的规律性。研究成果对未来高层节能建筑的防火设计施工具有一定的借鉴意义。

In recent years,it has been a hot topic that the fire of high-rise building caused by burning of thermal insulation material on the exterior wall. The fires often cause heavy loss of people＇s life and property. To explore fire spreading law of insulation layer of high-rise residential building,several typical parameters,such as heat release rate,CO volume fraction,temperature and flow velocity distribution in high-rise buildings were studied in details. The effect of outdoor wind speed and direction on fire development variation was considered and analyzed in this paper by using fire dynamics software FDS. A couple of numerical simulation experiments were conducted and fire development situation of thermal insulation layer on the external wall under outdoor wind conditions was researched as well. The results show that outdoor wind has a greater impact on the fire heat release rate,CO volume fraction,air temperature and flow velocity. The conclusions drawn by this research will be significant for the fire protection design and construction of the energy-saving buildings in the future.