静磁场暴露致大鼠血液流变学异常及多器官血液循环障碍

Hemorheological alterations and circulatory impairment in multiple organs of rats induced by static magnetic field exposure

目的研究静磁场暴露对大鼠血液流变学以及重要器官形态结构的影响。方法雄性Wistar大鼠80只，随机分为对照组、低剂量组（200mT）、中剂量组（400mT）和高剂量组（600mT）。采用中科院电工所研制的超导磁体系统，将大鼠进行全身暴露，3h／d，连续14d。于暴露后1d、7d、14d、28d,3In，检测大鼠血流动力学改变，取脑、心、肺、肝、脾、肾、胸腺、肾上腺、小肠、胰腺，常规病理制片，行光镜和电镜观察。结果（1）磁场暴露后早期，中、低剂量组大鼠全血粘度升高；暴露后中晚期，高剂量组大鼠全血粘度降低。（2）磁场暴露后，大鼠脑、心、肺、脾、肾均见毛细血管充血或间质出血，并见实质细胞不同程度变性、凋亡和坏死。（3）上述病变均于暴露后1-14d呈加重趋势，28d减轻，3m未恢复，且以高、中剂量组较为明显。结论200mT、400mT及600mT中等强度静磁场暴露均导致大鼠血液流变学异常，脑、心、肺、脾、肾多器官血液循环障碍及实质细胞不同程度变性、凋亡和坏死，且与暴露剂量密切相关。

Objective To study the effects of static magnetic field exposure on blood rheology and mor- phological structure of important organs in rats. Methods Eighty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into control group, low dose group （200 roT）, moderate dose group （400 mT） and high dose group （600 mT）. Using the superconducting magnet system developed by Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, the rats were whole - body exposed to static magnetic field for 3 h per day for consecutive 14 days. At 1, 7, 14, 28 days and 3 months after exposure, the hemorheological changes of rats were detected. The brain, heart, lung, liver, spleen, kidney, thymus, adrenal gland, small intes- tine and pancreas were removed, and examined by light and electron microscopy. Results （1） In the early period after magnetic field exposure, the whole blood viscosity was increased in the low and moderate dose groups. In the middle -late period after exposure, the whole blood viscosity was increased in the rats of high dose group. （2） After magnetic field exposure, capillary congestion or interstitial hemorrhage oc- curred in the brain, heart, lung, spleen and kidneys. Degeneration, apoptosis and necrosis of parenchy- mal cells to varying degrees were observed. （3） Above pathological changes showed an aggravation trend during 1 - 14 days after exposure, attenuated at 28 d, and unrecovered at 3 months. The changes of mod- erate and high dose groups were more serious. Conclusions All the 200 mT, 400 mT and 600 mT static magnetic field exposure can cause hemorheological changes and circulatory impairment in multiple organs including the brain, heart, lung, spleen and kidney, and degeneration, apoptosis and necrosis of paren- chymal cells to varying degrees in rats, showing a correlation with static magnetic field exposure dose.