通过种群互作阐释森林群落多样性格局

Explaining diversity patterns of forest community through species interactions

生态位理论、中性理论和近中性理论等都倾向于从群落水平上解释群落构建。目前利用种群互作和种群动态理论解释群落生态学现象的理论基础仍旧十分薄弱。建立种群生态与群落生态联系,推动种群生态和群落生态学理论相互融合,必将大大促进群落构建理论的快速发展。本文简单回顾了生态位理论和中性理论等群落构建理论,重点梳理了建立在种群动态和种群互作基础上的群落构建研究进展。种群动态过程包括出生、死亡、迁入和迁出,在基本种群动态过程基础上,物种相对多度分布可用Dirichlet分布模型和中性模型进行描述。ISAR(individual species-area relationships)模型建立在种-面积关系和Ripley K函数基础上,实现了从"植物个体"角度描述一个物种周围不同尺度上相邻物种的丰富度状况。非对称竞争在植物群落邻体关系中普遍存在,描述了资源在竞争植物之间进行的不平等分配。结合ISAR模型和非对称竞争现象,从种群互作角度阐述了"邻域多样性"格局构建的相关评价方法和理论。

Niche theory,the neutral theory and nearly neutral theory tend to explain community assemblage mechanism at the community level. Theoretical foundations explaining the phenomenon of community ecology using species interactions and population dynamics theory are still very weak. Establishing relations between population ecology and community ecology and integrating the theories of population ecology and community ecology,will greatly promote the rapid development of the theories on community assemblage. This paper reviewed the development of community assemblage theories,including ecological niche theory and the neutral theory,and mainly sorted out research advances of community assemblage based on the population dynamics and species interactions. Population dynamics processes include birth,death,immigration and emigration. On the basis of basic population dynamics process,the species abundance distribution can be described by Dirichlet model and neutral theory model. With individual species-area relationship（ ISAR） model and Ripley K function,describing species richness around target species at different scales from the perspective of individual plant becomes realized. Asymmetric competition is common in adjacent relations of plant communities,which presents the unequal allocations of resources among the competitive plants. Combining ISAR model and the phenomenon of asymmetric competition,the evaluation methods and theories regarding the assemblage of neighborhood diversity were discussed from the perspective of species interactions.