菖蒲对持续淹水的生长及形态可塑性

Growth and morphological plasticity of Acorus calamus in response to waterlogging

菖蒲为典型的湿生植物,探索其在不同淹水条件下的生长适应性可为湿地水生态系统植被恢复的物种选择提供科学依据。以菖蒲为材料,研究了静水条件下不同水深梯度（0、30、60 cm）对株高、根状茎长度以及分蘖能力、总生物量、地上/地下生物量分配格局等生长和表型可塑性影响。结果表明,淹水深度及淹水时间显著影响根状茎延长、分蘖的形成以及总生物量的积累与分配。不同淹水条件下根状茎和分蘖随培养时间的延长均呈＂S＂形异速生长趋势,但同期相比,浅水条件下植株分蘖数大于对照及深水条件下形成的分蘖数;总生物量与根冠比随淹水深度增加而减小。说明淹水条件下,植株通过增加地上部分的相对生物量和减少地下部分的相对生物量增强对淹水的适应能力,认为0-30 cm浅水环境最适宜菖蒲的生长与繁殖。

The effects of water depth gradient（ 0,30,60 cm） on growth indicators（ height,length and tillering capacity of rhizome,total biomass,distribution pattern of above / underground biomass） and morphological plasticity in Acorus calamus were examined in this research. The results showed that both the depth and duration of waterlogging affected rhizome extension,new tillers formation,as well as biomass accumulation and allocation. Rhizome and tillers increased with the single sigmoid growth trend in different waterlogging conditions. However,the size of rhizome in medium water depth without surface water was larger than that in the other treatments,and tiller number was the largest in shallow water depth（ 30 cm） compared to the control and deep waterlogging. Total biomass and the ratio of root to shoot decreased with increasing of waterlogging depth. This indicated that A. calamus increased its adaptability to waterlogging by increasing the relative biomass in aboveground parts and decreasing the relative biomass in belowground parts though the total biomass of A. calamus reduced in deep water. In conclusion,the waterlogging depth of 0- 30 cm is most suitable for the growth and reproduction in A.calamus.