饮食运动干预对妊娠糖尿病患者血糖控制的研究

Influence of Intervention through Diets and Exercises on Controlling the Blood Glucose of Patients with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

目的研究联合饮食与运动的行为干预对妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)患者血糖的影响,为GDM的治疗提供依据。方法选择2011年3月-2012年12月诊断的116例GDM患者为研究对象,按照患者意愿分为研究组72例和对照组44例。研究组进行饮食与运动的行为干预,包括饮食指导、发放小册子、制定运动方案等;对照组仅给予一般的口头指导和宣教资料;用统一的调查问卷收集所有研究对象的相关资料,每3天随访1次,2周后复查,比较两组干预前后进行口服葡萄糖耐量试验(OGTT)结果及血糖异常发生率。结果干预后,研究组GDM患者OGTT空腹、1 h、2 h血糖降低(P<0.05),均低于对照组(P<0.05);研究组GDM患者OGTT空腹、1 h、2 h血糖异常率均低于对照组及干预前(P<0.05)。结论联合饮食与运动的行为干预可控制GDM患者血糖水平,是GDM治疗的重要方法。

Objective To investigate the effect of behavior intervention through diets and exercises on blood glucose controlling in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus（GDM）, and to provide the basis for GDM therapy. Methods A total of 116 patients with GDM diagnosed and treated in the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University between March 2011 and December 2012 were taken as our study objects, including 72 patients in the study group and 44 patients in the control group, based on their will. For patients in the study group, we carried out behavior interventions through diets and exercises, including dietary guidance, giving pamphlet and formulating exercise plan, while for patients in the control group, we only gave them oral guidance and publicity materials. The same questionnaire was used to collect all the patients’ information. Follow-up was done once in every 3 days, and rechecking was performed2 weeks later. The results of oral glucose tolerance test and the rate of pathoglycemia were compared in these groups before and after intervention. Results The fasting blood glucose, 1-and 2-hour blood glucose were lowered after the behavior intervention in the study group（P 〈 0.05）, which were also significantly lower than the control group（P 〈 0.05）. Fasting blood glucose, 1-and 2-hour pathoglycemia was significantly lower in the study group than that in the control group and that before intervention（P 〈 0.05）. Conclusion Combination of diets and exercises can control levels of blood glucose in GDM patients, and is an important therapy for GDM.