灌溉管理改革背景下农户生计脆弱性评估

Assessment on households' livelihood vulnerability under irrigation management reform

灌溉管理改革有助于提高水资源管理效率,完善灌溉管理体制,降低农户生计脆弱性。以内蒙古地区为例,基于可持续生计分析框架,构建农户生计脆弱性定量评估指标体系。利用内蒙古5个旗县区的353户农户样本数据,对灌溉管理改革地区和非改革地区农户的生计脆弱性进行了评估。结果表明:改革地区的脆弱性程度为-2.19,非改革地区的脆弱性程度为-1.76,两类地区农户的适应能力都比较高,脆弱性较低,但非改革地区的脆弱性要大于改革地区,灌溉管理改革对降低农户生计脆弱性具有重要意义。原因在于灌溉管理改革改善了农户所处的脆弱性环境,提高了生计资本水平,增强了农户的适应能力。为提升农户福利水平,降低其生计脆弱性,在以后的工作中需要加强农户可持续生计能力建设;需要政府的正确引导和大力扶持,为灌溉管理改革的发展提供优惠政策和资金支持;同时还要强化农户抵抗自然灾害风险能力建设,从长期预防和短期应急两个方面来强化农户抵抗风险的能力,多渠道降低农户的生计脆弱性。

Irrigation management reform is useful to improve the management efficiency of water resource and irri- gation management system; it is also able to reduce the households＇ livelihood vulnerability. Learn from Sharp＇ s quantitative research on livelihood assets in Africa and Yu Gull＇ s livelihood vulnerability assessment on the farmers and herdsmen, reference to IPCC＇ s center interpretation on vulnerability, namely, Vulnerability=Risk-Adaptation, risk is measured by the degree of damage , adaptation is measured by the farmers＇ levels of existing capital and adap- tation strategies, in order to eliminate overlap and duplication between the indicators and targets set by the phenome- non of subjective and arbitrary, we use expert evaluation method to determine the weight of each index. Taking Inner Mongolia for example, the paper makes a quantitative assessment of livelihood vulnerability between farmers in irri- gation management reform area and non-farmers. Based on 353 peasant households＇ survey data of 5 counties in In- ner Mongolia, the paper evaluates the livelihood vulnerability of form areas. The study found that the household＇ s extent of the households from irrigation reform areas and non-re- damage is 1.05 in irrigation and 1.33 in non-reform areas, the household＇ s livelihood capital value is 1.71 in irrigation and 1.64 in non-reform areas, the household＇ s adaptation strategies measurement is 1.53 in irrigation and 1.45 in non-reform areas. We can calculate the vulnera- bility value from the above results, the households＇ vulnerability is-2.19 in irrigation and-1.76 in non-reform ar- eas, the households both have higher adaptive capacity in two regions, but households＇ vulnerability in non-reform regions is greater than in the reform regions. The irrigation management reform is bility of households ＇ livelihood. The reason is that the reform has improved the significant to reduce the vulnera- fragility of the environment, en- hanced the level of livelihood capital and households＇ the adaptive ability. To improve the households＇ benefit levels and reduce the livelihood vulnerability, in later work, we need to strengthen the capacity-building for sustainable livelihoods of households, and need government＇ s right guidance and strong support, but also to strengthen the households＇ risk capacity to resist natural disasters, in order to reduce the households＇ livelihood vulnerability by multiple channels. This paper develops a livelihood vulnerability assessment index system on the basis of sustainable livelihood framework, and then makes a comparative analysis of livelihood vulnerability between reform farmers and non-farmers; those studies belong to certain degree of innovation. Many domestic and foreign scholars have studied the problem of irrigation management reform from different aspects, but very few people analyze the impacts on farm- ers＇ livelihood vulnerability of irrigation management reform from the perspective of sustainable livelihoods. Espe- cially for China, the irrigation management reforms have implemented for many years in our country, only rare stud- ies involved on household livelihoods, and the studies which combined the irrigation management reform with the household livelihoods vulnerability have not yet seen. Adopting which indicators to measure irrigation management reform in respect of farmers＇ livelihood vulnerability is the question we should answer. This study makes up the defi- ciency in this respect, and hopes to have certain significance on research in this area.