孕早期焦虑、抑郁与4～11个月婴幼儿气质

Maternal anxiety, depression in the first trimester and temperament patterns in infants of 4～11 months

目的 描述4～11个月婴幼儿气质的分布特征,并进一步探讨孕早期焦虑、抑郁与婴幼儿麻烦型气质之间的关系.方法 从马鞍山市妇幼保健院出生队列中随机对婴幼儿运用婴幼儿气质问卷对其进行气质评价,共823名4～11个月龄儿童完成了气质评价.运用x2检验和多因素Logistic回归模型分析孕早期焦虑、抑郁与婴幼儿气质之间的关系.结果 母亲孕早期有焦虑及抑郁症状的4～11个月龄婴幼儿中,麻烦型的比例明显偏高,而无焦虑、抑郁症状中平易型及中间近平易型的比例偏高.母亲孕早期有焦虑、抑郁症状的其子女表现为麻烦型气质的相对危险度分别是没有焦虑、抑郁症状的3.241倍（95％ CI：1.387～7.573,P＜0.05）和2.057倍（95％CI：1.108 ～3.817,P＜0.05）.结论 母亲孕期焦虑及抑郁症状对婴幼儿早期的气质类型产生负面影响.

Objective To describe the epidemic status of infant temperament,and farther explore the association between maternal anxiety,depression during the first trimester of pregnancy and ＂difficult＂ infant temperament.Methods A total of 823 4 ～ 11 month-old infants were randomly selected from the birth cohort in Ma＇ anshan Maternal and Child Health Care Center,infant temperament was evaluated by China Infant Temperament Scale.The association between maternal anxiety,depression in the first trimester and infant temperament was analyzed by x test analysis and binary Logistic regression analysis.Results The ratios of difficult type of infant temperament were found more in the infants of anxious and depressive mothers during the first trimester of pregnancy.The ratios of easy type and intermediate low type of infant temperament were found more in the infants of mothers without anxiety and depression during the first trimester of pregnancy.Maternal anxiety （95 ％ CI：1.387 ～ 7.573,P ＜ 0.05） and depression （95 ％ CI：1.108 ～3.817,P ＜ 0.05） during the first trimester of pregnancy were the risk factors to ＂difficult＂ infant temperament.Conclusion It seems that there are negative effects between maternal anxiety and depression during the first trimester of pregnancy and infant temperament type.