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草酸盐沉淀法回收钕铁硼废料中稀土元素的研究 被引量:19

Recycle Rare Earth Elements from NdFeB Waste with Oxalate Precipitation Method
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摘要 钕铁硼因其优异的磁性能而得到广泛的应用,在生产加工过程中会产生40%左右的废料,其中氧化严重的废料需用化学方法来回收价格高昂的稀土元素。利用稀土草酸盐和草酸亚铁在水中溶解度的巨大差异,向钕铁硼废料酸溶液中滴加草酸直接得到稀土草酸盐,使稀土元素和杂质元素分离。通过研究草酸的用量、溶液的p H值及反应温度对草酸盐沉淀实验结果的影响,得到的产物通过热重分析(TGA)研究其分解过程,确定其完全分解的条件。最后用X射线衍射仪(XRD)检测产物的物相,用X射线荧光光谱仪(XRF)分析产物的元素种类及含量。实验结果表明,在80℃,p H 1.5-2.0,草酸用量比1.5,沉淀效果最佳,得到的稀土草酸盐经过烘干在800℃下灼烧得到混合稀土氧化物,Nd和Pr的混合稀土氧化物达99.27%。在钕铁硼废料的回收中应用草酸盐沉淀法可以高效地分离稀土元素和铁元素,提高废料的回收利用率,促进资源循环。 Nd Fe B is widely used in various fields owing to its excellent magnetic properties. It would produce about 40% waste in the production process of Nd Fe B. The rare earth elements were extracted from the heavily oxidized Nd Fe B waste. Based on the huge difference in solubility between rare earth( RE) oxalates and ferrous oxalate,RE and impurity elements were separated and the RE oxalates were obtained by dropping oxalic acid into the solution of Nd Fe B waste. The effects of reaction temperature,p H value and the amount of oxalic acid on the experimental results were studied. Thermal gravimetric analysis( TGA) was used to analyze the process and condition of RE oxalate decomposition. The phases and the element content were detected by X-ray diffraction( XRD) and X-ray fluorescence( XRF),respectively. The results indicated that RE oxalates were well precipitated at 80 ℃ with the p H value of 1. 5 - 2. 0,and the ratio of oxalic acid of 1. 5. The mixed RE oxides with a high content of 99. 27% were obtained by decomposing the precipitated RE oxalates at 800 ℃ for 1 h after drying. Thus,this method could efficiently separate the rare earth elements and iron,promoting recycling the waste.
出处 《稀有金属》 EI CAS CSCD 北大核心 2014年第6期1093-1098,共6页 Chinese Journal of Rare Metals
基金 国家科技部高技术研究发展计划(863计划)项目(2012AA063201)资助
关键词 草酸盐沉淀 稀土回收 钕铁硼废料 oxalate precipitation RE recycling NdFeB waste
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