纳米技术在癌症诊疗一体化中的应用

The application of nanotechnology in cancer theranostics

癌症的早期诊断与高效无毒的药物治疗是目前癌症诊疗的最大挑战,纳米技术的快速发展为癌症诊疗带来了新的希望.通过优化材料构建稳定、高效和安全的纳米载体,利用纳米载体结合抗癌药物和高准确度的癌症诊断探针,整合药物靶向运输、活体示踪、药物治疗和预后监测等功能于一体的多功能纳米体系将是未来的研究趋势,这将为有效地提高药物呈递效率和减轻药物毒副作用提供强有力的支持.本文总结了人类癌症治疗所面临的巨大挑战,综述了量子点、纳米金/银、碳纳米管/石墨烯、磁性纳米颗粒、脂类/聚合物类纳米颗粒以及介孔纳米材料等纳米颗粒的最新研究进展及其在癌症诊疗一体化领域的研究成果,并对纳米技术在癌症诊疗一体化的发展趋势进行了展望.纳米诊疗体系正在不断走向完善,而且未来会有更多的纳米体系用于癌症的诊断与治疗,但将安全可靠和高效低毒纳米体系应用于临床诊断和治疗,还应对纳米体系对人体细胞、组织、脏器的影响,量化和标准化生产等基础问题进行深入探究.

Cancer is one of the greatest killers and threats to human life in the worldwide. The early diagnosis and efficient drug treatment of cancer without side-effect were the most difficult bottleneck of cancer therapy. Recently, the rapid development of nanomedicine brought about new opportunities for cancer diagnosis and therapeutics. The researchers focused on building stable, efficient and safe nanocarriers loading anti-cancer drugs and cancer diagnostic probes. Multifunctional nanosystems integrating targeted therapy, in vivo tracing and prognosis monitoring, will be the future research trends of nanomedicine. Those will provide strong support to efficiently increase drug delivery and decrease drug side-effect. Herein, we highlighted the great challenges that facing human cancer therapy, and overviewed the latest development and the application in cancer theranostics of quantum dots, nanogold/nanosilver, carbon nanotube/graphene, magnetic nanoparticles, lipid/polymer nanoparticles, and mesoporous nanaparticles. The nanosystem integrated diagnosis and therapy is constantly improving to perfection. But more fundamental difficulties such as the impact of nanosystems to human cells/tissues/organs, quantified and standardized production, must be explored to provide safe, stable, effective, and non-toxic nanosystem to clinical theranostics.