Monitor In Vivo Dynamics of Avian Influenza Viruses Using Bioorthogonal-conjugated Nearinfrared Quantum Dots

Highly pathogenic avian influenza A viruses are emerging pandemic threats that have caused several outbreaks with high mortality in human beings in the past decades.The infection of avian infl uenza viruses,such as subtype H5 and H7,could cause a series of severe respiratory and extra-respiratory complications,

Highly pathogenic avian influenza A viruses are emerging pandemic threats that have caused .several outbreaks with high mortality in human beings in the past decades. The infection of avian influenza viruses, such as subtype H5 and H7, could cause a series of severe respiratory and extra-respiratory complications, both of which are directly associated with viral loading and dissemination in tissues. Understanding the route and pathogenesis of avian influenza viral infection is extremely important for developing prophylactic and therapeutic strategies against viral infections. Although the studies using cell cultures have made significant contributions to exploring the pathogenesis of avian influenza viruses, it is highly desirable to track the in vivo dynamics of viral infection in order to further dissect the interactions between the virus and the host.